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Anatomy 205 > Parotid Gland > Flashcards

Parotid Gland Flashcards

1
Q

Type

A

Largest salivary gland

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2
Q

Shape

A

Wedge shaped

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3
Q

Site

A

Lies in depression between mandible ramus and mastoid process

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4
Q

Extent

A
  1. Forwards: over masseter
  2. Backwards: over part of sternomastoid
  3. Upwards: external auditory meatus
  4. Downwards: 2cm below and behind mandible angle
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5
Q

Parotid fascia

A

Capsule of deep cervical fascia enclosing gland

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6
Q

Parts

A
  1. Main superficial part
  2. Deep part
  3. Small accessory part
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7
Q

Main superficial part

A

Wedged between
1. Anterior: mandible ramus
2. Posterior: mastoid process and sternomastoid

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8
Q

Deep part

A

Deep to mandible

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9
Q

Small accessory part

A

Above parotid duct on masseter

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10
Q

Surfaces

A
  1. Lateral surface
  2. Anteromedial surface
  3. Posteromedial surface
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11
Q

Lateral surface contents

A
  1. Skin
  2. Fascia
  3. Great auricular nerve
  4. Superficial parotid lymph nodes
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12
Q

Anteromedial surface contents and shape

A

Extremely concave
1. Ramus of mandible
2. Masseter muscle
3. Medial pterygoid muscle

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13
Q

Posteromedial surface processes (2)

A
  1. Matoid
  2. Styloid
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14
Q

Posteromedial surface muscles attached to mastoid process (2)

A
  1. Superficially: Sternomastoid
  2. Deeply: posterior belly digastric
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15
Q

Posteromedial surface attached to styloid process

A

3 muscles and 2 ligaments

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16
Q

Posteromedial surface blood vessels (2)

A
  1. ICA
  2. IJV
    With last 4 cranial nerves in between
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17
Q

2 structures enter Posteromedial surface

A
  1. Facial nerve
  2. ECA
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18
Q

Ends

A
  1. Upper end
  2. Lower end
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19
Q

Upper end shape and relation

A

Concave
Related to external auditory meatus

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20
Q

Upper end contents (3)

A
  1. Superficial temporal artery
  2. Superficial temporal vein
  3. Auriculotemporal nerve
21
Q

Lower end site

A

2cm below and behind angle mandible overlapping posterior belly digastric

22
Q

Structures leaving lower end (2)

A
  1. Cervical branch of facial nerve
  2. Anterior and posterior divisions of posterior facial (retromandibular) vein
23
Q

Borders

A

Anterior border

24
Q

Structures leaving anterior border

A
  1. Parotid duct: with accessory part above it
  2. Transverse facial artery: above duct
  3. Temporal branch facial nerve: above duct
  4. Zygomatic branch facial nerve: above duct
  5. Buccal branch facial nerve: below duct
  6. Mandibular branch facial nerve: below duct
25
Q

Surface anatomy: upper end

A
  1. Concave upwards around external auditory meatus
  2. Line from auricle tragus (mandible head) to middle mastoid process
26
Q

Surface anatomy: anterior border

A

Line from
1. Tragus
Downwards and forwards to
2. Middle of masseter
Downwards and backwards to point 2cm below and behind
3. Mandible angle

27
Q

Surface anatomy: posterior border

A

Line from
1. Mastoid process
Point 2cm below and behind
2. Mandible angle
Running along
3. Anterior sternomastoid border

28
Q

Parotid duct

A

Thick walled with narrow lumen 5cm long

29
Q

Parotid duct site

A

Gland anterior border passing horizontally on Masseter below zygomatic arch

30
Q

Parotid duct: structures pierced

A

At Masseter anterior border
It pierces:
1. Buccal pad of fat
2. Buccopharyngeal facia
3 . Buccinator
4. Buccal mucosa
It then opens in vestibule opposite 2nd molar

31
Q

Parotid duct surface anatomy

A

Middle 1/3 of line from tragus to point midway between nose ala and red margin of upper lip

32
Q

Structures within the parotid gland (5)

A
  1. Facial nerve
  2. Posterior facial vein
  3. ECA
  4. Deep parotid lymph node
  5. Auriculotemporal nerve
33
Q

Facial nerve relation to parotid gland

A
  1. Enters Posteromedial surface close to stulomastoid foramen
  2. Runs as most superficial structure
  3. End by dividing into 5 terminal branches
34
Q

Facial nerve terminal branches in parotid gland

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Buccal
  4. Mandibular
  5. Cervical
35
Q

Posterior facial vein relation in parotid gland

A
  1. Formed inside gland behind mandible neck by union of maxillary and superficial temporal veins
  2. Descends between facial nerve and ECA
  3. Leaves gland through its lower end as anterior and posterior divisions
36
Q

ECA relation to parotid gland

A
  1. Passes deep to gland lower end entering gland through its Posteromedial surface
  2. Run as deepest structure
  3. Ends opposite mandible neck by dividing into 2 terminals
37
Q

ECA terminal branches in parotid gland (2)

A
  1. Maxillary artery
  2. Superficial temporal artery
38
Q

Deep parotid lymph node site in parotid gland

A

In gland substance around blood vessels

39
Q

Auriculotemporal nerve in parotid gland

A

Runs a short course

40
Q

Parotid gland nerve supply

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Sympathetic
  3. Parasympathetic
41
Q

Sensory nerve supply in parotid gland

A
  1. Auriculotemporal nerve
42
Q

Sympathetic nerve supply in parotid gland

A

Plexus around ECA and MMA

43
Q

Parasympathetic nerve supply in parotid gland

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

44
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve course and origin

A
  1. Preganglionic fibers arise from inferior salivary nucleus of medulla
  2. Pass with tympanic branch of Glossopharyngeal nerve
  3. Enter middle ear
  4. From tympanic plexus
  5. Gives lesser superficial petrosal nerve
45
Q

Lesser superficial petrosal nerve course and relay

A
  1. Leaves skull via foramen ovale
  2. Relay in Otic ganglion
  3. Posterior ganglionic fibers join Auriculotemporal nerve to reach gland
46
Q

Parotid gland blood supply

A
  1. Atrial: superficial temporal artery
  2. Venous:
    - posterior facial (retromandibular) vein
    - external jugular vein
47
Q

Lymph drainage parotid gland

A
  1. Superficial parotid node
  2. Deep parotid node
    Drain in deep cervical nodes
48
Q

Applied anatomy: inflammation of gland (parotitis)

A

Infection reaches gland from mouth through duct or blood stream.
Patient complains of:
1. Parotid swelling
2. Raised or everted auricle lobule
3. Severe pain (due to stretch of tight parotid capsule)
Increases during mastication (due to close relation of gland to TMJ

49
Q

Applied anatomy: parotid tumors

A

Affects gland superficial to facial nerve branches
Benign: will not affect nerve
Malignant: compresses and invade the nerve leading to facial nerve paralysis

Anatomy 205 (197 decks)

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