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Anatomy 205 > Face > Flashcards

Face Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles chracteristics

A
  1. Many
  2. Small
  3. Bony origin from skull
  4. Inserting into skin of face
  5. Supplied by facial nerves
  6. Called muscles of facial expression
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2
Q

Types of muscles

A
  1. Circumorbital and palpebral
  2. Nasal
  3. Buccolabial
  4. Oral sphincter
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3
Q

Circumorbital and palpebral muscles

A

Orbicularis oculi

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4
Q

Nasal muscles

A

Procerus

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5
Q

Buccolabial muscles

A
  1. Buccinator
  2. Levator labbii superioris
  3. Zygomaticus major
  4. Depressor anguli oris
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6
Q

Oral sphincter muscle

A

Orbicularis oris

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7
Q

Orbicularis oculi parts

A
  1. Orbital part: around orbital margin
  2. Palpebral part: eyelids
  3. Lacrimal part
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8
Q

Orbital part origin

A

Upper part medial palpebral ligament with bone above and below it

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9
Q

Orbital part insertion

A
  1. Lower border medial palpebral ligament
  2. Many fibers inserted into eyebrows skin
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10
Q

Orbital part curve

A

Curves around orbital margin

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11
Q

Palpebral part origin

A

Medial palpebral ligament
Passes in upper and lower eyelids

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12
Q

Palpebral part insertion

A

Fibers of both lids insert lateral in lateral palpebral raphe (ligament)

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13
Q

Lacrimal part origin

A
  1. Posterior lacrimal crest
  2. Fascia covering lacrimal sac
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14
Q

Lacrimal part insertion

A

Blends with palpebral part in eyelids

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15
Q

Orbicularis oculi nerve supply

A
  1. Temporal branch of facial nerve
  2. Zygomatic branch of facial nerve
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16
Q

Orbicularis oculi action

A
  1. Orbital part: closes eye firmly and suddenly in danger
  2. Palpebral part: closes eyes gently in sleep
  3. Lacrimal part: stretches and dilates lacrimal sac to help in tears drainage
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17
Q

Orbicularis oris parts

A
  1. Intrinsic part
  2. External part
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18
Q

Intrinsic part

A

Surrounds:
1. Mouth
2. Upper lips
3. Lower lips

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19
Q

Extrinsic part

A

Extension from surrounding muscles such as buccinator

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20
Q

Orbicularis oris nerve supply

A
  1. Buccal branch facial nerve
  2. Mandibular branch facial nerve
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21
Q

Orbicularis oris action

A
  1. Movement of lips and sphincter for closure of mouth
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22
Q

Buccinator

A

Cheek muscle

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23
Q

Buccinator origin upper fibers

A

Alveolar process of maxilla, opposite upper 3 molars

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24
Q

Buccinator origin lower fibers

A

Oblique line of mandible, opposite lower 3 molars

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25
Q

Buccinator origin middle fibers

A

Ptergoidmandibular ligament
From:
A. Pterygoid hamulus
To
B. Mylohyoid line posterior end

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26
Q

Buccinator insertion

A
  1. Upper fibers: upper lip
  2. Lower fibers: lower lip
  3. Middle fibers: decussate at mouth angle acting as a sphincter
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27
Q

Buccinator nerve supply

A

Buccal branch of facial nerve

28
Q

Buccinator action

A
  1. Prevents food accumulation in vestibule
  2. Prevent saliva dribbling from mouth angle
  3. Blowing
  4. Whistling
29
Q

Buccinator superficial relations

A
  1. Buccal fat pad
  2. Buccopharyngeal fascia
  3. Buccal nerve and vessels
  4. Facial blood vessels
30
Q

Buccinator deep relations

A

Buccal mucosa

31
Q

Buccinator sutures piercing

A
  1. Buccal nerve and vessels
  2. Parotid duct
32
Q

Nerve supply

A

Motor:
1. Temporal nerve
2. Zygomatic branches (upper and lower
3. Buccal nerve
4. Mandibular nerve
5. Cervical branch
Sensory:
3 divisions of trigemnial nerve
1. Ophthalmic nerve
2. Maxillary nerve
3. Mandibular nerve
EXCEPT
Skin area on mandible angle and parotid (greater auricular nerve C2,C3)

33
Q

Motor

A

Facial nerve enters parotid and divides into 5 branches

34
Q

Temporal nerve supply

A

Supplies
1. Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
2. Orbicularis upper part

35
Q

Zygomatic nerve supply

A
  1. Lower part of orbicularis oculi
  2. Muscles between eye and mouth, including nose muscles
36
Q

Buccal nerve supply

A
  1. Buccinator
  2. Upper part orbicularis oris
37
Q

Mandibular nerve supply

A
  1. Lower part of orbicularis oris
  2. Lower lip muscle
38
Q

Cervical nerve supply

39
Q

Applied anatomy: facial nerve injury

A

Extracranial part
Facial palsy
Paralysis of facial muscles lead to:
1. Patient cannot close his eye in affected
2. Dribbling of saliva from mouth angle in affected side
3. Accumulation of food in mouth vestibule in affected side
4. Deviation of mouth angle to opposite side (healthy side)

40
Q

Ophthalmic nerve branches and origin

A
  1. Supraorbital: frontal nerve
  2. Supratrochlear: frontal nerve
  3. Infratrochlear: nasociliary nerve
  4. External nasal: nasociliary nerve
  5. Palpebral: lacrimal nerve
41
Q

Ophthalmic nerve distribution

A
  1. Skin of upper eyelid
  2. Skin of forehead
  3. Skin of dorsum of nose
42
Q

Maxillary nerve branches

A
  1. Infraorbital:
    Gives
    - palpebral
    - nasal
    - labial
  2. Zygomaticofacial: from zygomatic nerve
43
Q

Maxillary nerve distribution

A

Skin of face:
1. Lower eyelid
2. Side of nose
3. Upper lip
Skin over zygomatic bone

44
Q

Mandibular nerve branches

A
  1. Buccal
  2. Mental: from inferior alveolar nerve
45
Q

Mandibular nerve distribution

A
  1. Skin of Cheek
  2. Skin lower lip
  3. Mandible
  4. Chin
46
Q

Applied anatomy trigeminal neuralgia

A

Disease affecting sensory root of trigeminal nerve caused by compression of the nerve by large blood vessel or by tumor.
It is characterized by severe episodic pains restricted to areas supplied by maxillary and/or Mandibular nerve.

47
Q

Atrial supply

A
  1. Facial artery
  2. Transverse facial artery
  3. Infraorbital artery
  4. Buccal artery
  5. Mental artery
  6. Supratrochlear artery
  7. Supraorbital artery
  8. Dorsal nasal artery
48
Q

Facial artery

A

Branch of ECA in the neck
It has two parts:
1. Cervical
2. Facial

49
Q

Facial part of facial nerve course

A
  1. Enters face at anteroinferior angle of masseter
  2. Runs in tortuous course to a point 1cm behind angle of mouth
  3. Ascends vertically on side of nose
  4. Reach eye medial angle
  5. End as angular artery which anastomoses with Supraorbital and Supratrochlear branches of ophthalmic artery
50
Q

Facial part of facial nerve branches and supply

A
  1. Inferior labial: lower lip
  2. Superior labial: upper lip
  3. Nasal: nose side and septal branch to nasal septum anterior part
51
Q

Transverse facial artery course and supply

A

Supply face
1. Branch of superficial temporal artery inside parotid
2. Leaves gland anterior border
3. Passes on masseter below zygomatic arch and above parotid duct

52
Q

Infraorbital artery course and supply

A
  1. Termination of maxillary artery
  2. Comes out of Infraorbital foramen
  3. Divides into
    - palpebral: lower eyelid
    - nasal: side nose
    - labial: upper lip
53
Q

Buccal artery origin and supply

A

Branch of maxillary artery
Supplies cheek

54
Q

Mental artery origin and supply

A

Branch of inferior alveolar artery from maxillary artery
Supplies chin and lower lip

55
Q

Supratrochlear and Supraorbital artery origin and supply

A

Ophthalmic artery
Supply:
1. Upper eyelid
2. Forhead

56
Q

Dorsal nasal artery origin and supply

A

Ophthalmic artery
Supply nose dorsum

57
Q

Venous drainage

A
  1. Anterior facial vein or facial vein
  2. Posterior facial vein or retromandibular vein
58
Q

Anterior facial vein beginning

A

Medial angle of eye by union of Supraorbital and Supratrochlear veins

59
Q

Anterior facial vein course

A
  1. Runs a straight course downwards and backwards behind facial artery
    2 leaves face at anteroinferior angle of masseter
  2. Crosses mandible body and submandibular gland to enter neck
60
Q

Anterior facial vein end

A

In neck by uniting with anterior division of posterior facial vein forming common facial vein which ends in IJV

61
Q

Anterior facial vein tributaries

A
  1. Supraorbital
  2. Supratrochlear
  3. In face:
    - Nasal
    - Superior labial
    - Inferior labial
    - Veins from buccinator, masseter, and parotid
    - Deep facial vein
  4. In neck:
    - Tonsillar
    - Paratonsillar
    - Submental gland veins
    - Submandibular gland veins
62
Q

Posterior facial vein beginning

A

Inside parotid by union of superficial temporal and maxillary veins

63
Q

Posterior facial vein course

A

Descends superficial to ECA and deep to facial nerve

64
Q

Posterior facial nerve end

A
  1. Divide into anterior and posterior divisions leaving gland at its lower end
  2. Anterior division unites with anterior facial vein forming common facial
  3. Posterior division unites with posterior auricular vein forming external jugular vein
65
Q

Applied anatomy dangerous area of the face

A

Triangular area in the middle of face
1. Nose
2. Upper lip
Infection reaches cavernous sinus:
1. Anterior facial vein to
2. Deep facial vein to
3. Pterygoid venous plexus to
4. Emissary vein through foramen ovals to cavernous sinus

66
Q

Lymph drainage

A
  1. Buccal: drain cheek
  2. Parotid: drain upper and lateral part face
  3. Submandibular: drain nose, upper and lower lips

Anatomy 205 (197 decks)

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