Basal Ganglia (Nuclei) Flashcards

1
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Grey matter collections which are deeply placed inside cerebral hemisphere white matter

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2
Q

Components

A
  1. Corpus striatum (formed of caudate and lentiform nuclei)
  2. Amygdaloid nucleus (smell center)
  3. Claustrum
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3
Q

Caudate nucleus

A

C-shaped mass of grey matter partly exposed in ventricular wall and partly buried in hemisphere

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4
Q

Caudate nucleus is formed of

A
  1. Head
  2. Body
  3. Tail
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5
Q

Head

A
  1. Large anterior end
  2. Forms lateral wall and floor of lateral ventricle anterior horn
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6
Q

Head laterally

A

it is separated from lentiform nucleus by internal capsule

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7
Q

Head inferiorly

A

Becomes continuous with putamen anterior end of lentiform nucleus and anterior perforated substance grey matter

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8
Q

Body

A
  1. Forms lateral part of body floor of lateral ventricle
  2. It’s lateral aspect is related to internal capsule
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9
Q

Tail

A
  1. Present in inferior horn roof of lateral ventricle
  2. Terminates in amygdaloid nucleus in most anterior part of inferior horn roof
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10
Q

Lentiform nucleus

A

Completely embedded in hemisphere
Consists of 2 parts:
1. Putamen
2. Globus pallidus

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11
Q

Putamen

A

Larger darker lateral part

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12
Q

Globus pallidus

A

Smaller pale medial part

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13
Q

Globus pallidus is subdivided by

A
  1. Internal and external segments by internal medullary lamina
  2. Both parts are separated by whitish streak
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14
Q

Globus pallidus shape

A

Looks like a biconvex lens having two convex surfaces:
1. Lateral
2. Medial

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15
Q

Lateral surface Globus pallidus

A
  1. Slightly convex
  2. Related to external capsule which separates it from claustrum
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16
Q

Medial surface Globus pallidus

A
  1. Markedly convex
  2. Related to internal capsule which separates it from thalamus and caudate nucleus
17
Q

Lentiform nucleus relation

A

It is related to 2 capsules:
1. Internal capsule
2. External capsule

18
Q

Amygdaloid nucleus

A
  1. Smell center
  2. It’s axons forms stria terminalis which ends in hypothalamus
19
Q

Amygdaloid nucleus site

A
  1. Lies mostly in uncus at anterior end of caudate nucleus tail in inferior horn roof of lateral ventricle
  2. Fuses with cerebral cortex lateral to anterior perforated substance
20
Q

Amygdaloid nucleus shape

A

Small round mass

21
Q

External capsule

A

Thin layer of white matte covering lentiform nucleus lateral surface and separating it from claustrum

22
Q

Claustrum

A
  1. Thin grey matter layer between lentiform nucleus lateral surface and insula
  2. Separated from lentiform nucleus by external capsule and from insula by extreme capsule
23
Q

Blood supply of corpus striatum

A
  1. Anterior cerebral artery
  2. Middle cerebral artery
  3. Anterior choroidal artery (branch of ICA)
24
Q

Anterior cerebral artery supply

A
  1. Anterior part of corpus striatum
  2. Anterior part of internal capsule anterior limb
    By central branches
25
Middle cerebral artery supply
1. Rest of corpus striatum 2. Posterior part of anterior limb 3. Genu 4. Anterior part of internal capsule posterior limb By central (striate) branches
26
Anterior choroidal artery supply
1. Caudate tail 2. Amygdaloid nucleus