Nose: Nasal Cavity

Question 1

Nasal cavity

Answer 1

2 cavities separated by nasal septum

Question 2

Boundries

Answer 2

Each cavity opens
1. Anterior:
on face by anterior nasal aperture (nostril or anterior nares)
2. Posterior:
in nasopharynx by posterior nasal aperture (choana)

Question 3

Roof

Answer 3

1. Anterior sloping part
2. Middle horizontal part
3. Posterior sloping part

Question 4

Anterior sloping part

Answer 4

Nasal and frontal bones

Question 5

Middle horizontal part

Answer 5

Cribriform plate ethmoid

Question 6

Posterior sloping part

Answer 6

Sphenoid body

Question 7

Floor

Answer 7

Hard palate
Palatine process of maxilla anterior and horizontal plate of palatine bone posterior with incisive fossa and canals 2 cm behind its anterior end

Question 8

Medial wall

Answer 8

Nasal septum
1. In front: septal cartilage
2. Below and behind: vomer
3. Above and behind: perpendicular plate ethmoid
4. Small posterior part: sphenoid rostrum

Question 9

Lateral wall

Answer 9

Bones forming:
1. Below and in front: medial surface maxilla
2. Behind maxilla: perpendicular plate of palatine bone
3. Most posterior part: medial pterygoid plate
4. Upper part: medial surface of ethmoidal labyrinth
5. Upper anterior part: nasal frontal process of maxilla and lacrimal bones

Question 10

Parts (3)

Answer 10

1. Vestibule
2. Atrium of middle meatus
3. Nasal conchae and meatuses

Question 11

Vestibule part

Answer 11

Small dilated part above nostril lined by skin containing:
1. Sweat glands
2. Sebaceous glands
3. Coarse hairs for filtration of dust

Question 12

Atrium of middle meatus

Answer 12

Shallow depression above and behind vestibule continuous posterior with middle meatus

Question 13

Nasal conchae

Answer 13

Lateral wall shows 3 bony projections with highly vascular mucosa:
1. Superior
2. Middle
3. Inferior

Question 14

Superior concha

Answer 14

Smallest
Project from ethmoidal labyrinth

Question 15

Middle concha

Answer 15

Largest
Project from ethmoidal labyrinth

Question 16

Inferior concha

Answer 16

Largest
Separate skull bone

Question 17

Conchae functions

Answer 17

1. Increase surface area which magnifies air turbelance improving olfaction
2. Increase humidity
3. Warming of inspired air

Question 18

Nasal meatus

Answer 18

Space below each conchae

Question 19

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Answer 19

Space above superior concha

Question 20

Middle meatus

Answer 20

Shows rounded elevation (bulla ethmoidalis) bounded below and in front by curved groove (hiatus semilunaris)

Question 21

Openings

Answer 21

Openings of paranasal sinuses:
1. In sphenoethmoidal recess
2. In superior meatus
3. In middle meatus
Other openings:
1. In inferior meatus
2. Behind superior meatus

Question 22

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Answer 22

Sphenoidal sinus

Question 23

Superior meatus

Answer 23

Posterior ethmoidal sinus

Question 24

Superior meatus

Answer 24

Posterior ethmoidal sinus

Question 25

Middle meatus

Answer 25

1. Middle ethmoidal sinus 2. Frontal sinus 3. Anterior ethmoidal sinus 4. Maxillary sinus

Question 26

Middle ethmoidal sinus

Answer 26

In bulla ethmoidalis

Question 27

Frontal sinus

Answer 27

In ethmoidal infundibulum which opens in anterior end hiatus semilunaris

Question 28

Anterior ethmoidal sinus

Answer 28

In ethmoidal infundibulum or in anterior end hiatus semilunaris

Question 29

Maxillary sinus

Answer 29

In posterior end of hiatus semilunaris

Question 30

Inferior meatus

Answer 30

Nasolacrimal duct

Question 31

Behind superior meatus

Answer 31

Sphenopalatine foramen which opens in Pterygopalatine fossa

Question 32

Nasal mucosa

Answer 32

1. Olfactory mucosa 2. Respiratory mucosa

Question 33

Olfactory mucosa

Answer 33

1. Lines roof, upper one cm of nasal septum, superior concha, and area above it 2. Olfactory mucosa is yellowish, less vascular, and gives origin to olfactory nerve filaments

Question 34

Respiratory mucosa

Answer 34

1. Covers all parts of nasal cavity except olfactory region and vestibule 2. Pink or red in color due to its high vasculature to allow rapid warming and moistening of inspired air 3. Continuous with mucosa of paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, and conjunctiva

Question 35

Nerve supply

Answer 35

Smell senstion: 1. Olfactory (1st cranial) nerve General sensation: 1. Anterior ethmoidal nerve 2. Infraorbital nerve 3. Lateral nasal (short sphenopalatine) nerves 4. Greater palatine nerve 5. Medial nasal (long sphenopalatine) nerves

Question 36

Olfactory (1st cranial) nerve

Answer 36

From olfactory mucosa, 8-20 filaments passing through cribriform plate ethmoid, ending in olfactory bulb

Question 37

Anterior ethmoidal nerve

Answer 37

Upper anterior art of lateral wall and septum

Question 38

Infraorbital nerve

Answer 38

Lower anterior part of lateral wall and septum

Question 39

Lateral nasal(short sphenopalatine) nerves

Answer 39

Upper posterior part of lateral wall

Question 40

Greater palatine nerve

Answer 40

Lower posterior part of lateral wall

Question 41

Medial nasal nerves

Answer 41

Posterior part septum

Question 42

Atrial supply

Answer 42

1. Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries (ophthalmic artery) 2. Sphenopalatine artery (main artery 3rd part maxillary artery) 3. Greater palatine (3rd part maxillary artery) 4. Septal branch of superior labial (facial artery)

Question 43

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

Answer 43

Upper anterior and posterior parts nasal cavity

Question 44

Sphenopalatine artery

Answer 44

Most septum and lateral wall

Question 45

Greater palatine artery

Answer 45

Lower anterior part septum

Question 46

Septal branch of superior labial

Answer 46

Septum in vestibule region

Question 47

Epistaxis area (little’s area)

Answer 47

1. In lower anterior part of septum in vestibule region 2. Area of anastomoses between sphenopalatine, greater palatine, and septal branch of superior labial arteries 3. Bleeding from nose occurs from littles area 90%