VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS I

Question 1

what are the types?

Answer 1

cavernous malformation
capillary telangietasias
venous angiomas
arteriovenous malformation

Question 2

most common form of vascular malformation?

Answer 2

arteriovenous malformation

Question 3

what causes arteriovenous malformation?

where is this most commonly seen?

Answer 3

seizures, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage

middle cerebral a.

Question 4

what are the important spinal cord pathologies?

Answer 4

spinal cord infarction

spinal cord trauma

Question 5

where does spinal cord infarction occur commonly?

Answer 5

anterior spinal a.

Question 6

this artery supplies 2/3 of spine, supplied by a limited number of vessels

well supplied in the cervical region, so infarctions occur caudally

Answer 6

anterior spinal a.

Question 7

clinical signs of spinal cord infarctions?

Answer 7

initially- flaccid, arcflexive paraparesis

after shock wears off- spastic paraparesis

Question 8

what are the types of spinocerebellar degenerations?

Answer 8

spinocerebellar ataxia

friedreich ataxia

Question 9

spinocerebellar ataxia is characterized by S/S referable to what parts of the NS?

Answer 9

cerebellum
brainstem
spinal cord
peripheral nerves

Question 10

Friedrich ataxia is a distinct spinocerebellar degeneration and autosomal recessive that is an expansion of what tricucleotide repeat?

what does this encode?

Answer 10

GAA

frataxin, where mutations in this result in mitochondrial dysfunction