GLOSSARY SECTION I PART D

Question 1

extrinsic pathway to prevent physiologic cellular apoptosis

determined by the cell surface molecules (TNF family)

Answer 1

receptor death

Question 2

recognizes microbes, products of bacteria, endotoxin DNA

Answer 2

toll-like receptor

Question 3

tissue goes back to normal

Answer 3

regeneration

Question 4

with CT-forms a scar

Answer 4

replacement

Question 5

from the animal proteins-prototype for systemic type III reaction

abs form 5 days after injection, ABs react with Ag and deposit in blood and trigger an inflammatory reaction

large complex cleared quickly and small, cleared less efficiently

10 days

Answer 5

acute serum sickeness

Question 6

results from cardiac pump failure due to MI, arrhythmias, outflow obstruction, cardiac tamponade

Answer 6

cardiogenic shock

Question 7

results from loss of blood flow or plasma volume due to hemorrhoids, fluid loss, trauma

Answer 7

hypovolemic shock

Question 8

carcinogen

Answer 8

cigarette smoking, sunlight

Question 9

acquired pre-neoplastic disorder

Answer 9

solar keraotsis

Question 10

excessive production of AcTH or AcTH like peptide by a tumor in the anterior pituitary

50% have lung cancer

Answer 10

Cushing syndrome

Question 11

symptoms that aren’t readily explained by either local or distant spread of tumor or by the elaboration of hormones indigenous to the tissue from which the tumor arose

earliest manifestations of a malignancy

can be lethal

mimics a metastatic disease

Answer 11

paraneoplastic syndrome

Question 12

fever, leukocytosis, elevated plasma levels of acute phase reactants

TNF and IL-1 cause fever, fatigue, anorexia, leukocytosis

Answer 12

systemic effects of chronic inflammation

Question 13

common cause of death because they are occlusive

seen in MI and stroke can be in the heart and embolize

Answer 13

arterial thrombosis

Question 14

most occur in superficial or deep leg

• superficial causes local problems
• deep typically at or above the knee, embolize to lungs

Answer 14

venous thrombosis

Question 15

cytokine that can cause cell death
important for fibroblast proliferation, chemotaxis, collagen synthesis and collagenase synthesis
implicated in tumor suppression, septic shock. cachexia

Answer 15

tumor necrosis factor

Question 16

endothelial development, cell proliferation

Answer 16

transforming growth factor alpha

Question 17

growth promoter (low concentration) and inhibitor (high concentration)

produce in inactive form that needs to be cleaved

Answer 17

transforming growth factor beta

Question 18

plasma protein mismatch
Ab-Ag reaction involving IgE and mast cell degranulation
caused by anything containing plasma
immediate reaction
afebrile, bronchospasm
treat with epi

Answer 18

allergic transfusion reaction