CNS PATHOLOGY TERMS

Question 1

this is the increase in mean CSF pressure above 200 mm H2O w/ patient recumbent

Answer 1

increased intracranial pressure

Question 2

swelling of brain parenchyma caused by numerous diseases

Answer 2

cerebral edema

Question 3

two types of effects associated with increased intracranial pressure?

Answer 3

diffuse and focal

Question 4

what are the two types cerebral edema?

Answer 4

vasogenic edema

cytotoxic edema

Question 5

name this type of cerebral edema?

disruption of normal BBB]

fluid escapes into intercellular space

• brain has few lymphatics so it doesnt drain well
• there is poor resorption of excess intercellular fluid

Answer 5

vasogenic edema

Question 6

name this type of cerebral edema?

increased intracellular fluid

secondary to cellular injury

Answer 6

cytogenic edema

Question 7

generalized edema has both vasogenic and cytotoxic edema, T/F?

Answer 7

T

Question 8

increased CSF enlargement of ventricles causes increased intracranial pressure? what is this?

Answer 8

hydrocephalus

Question 9

what are the types of hydrocephalus?

Answer 9

communicating hydrocephalus

noncommunicating hydrocephalus

hydrocephalus ex vacuo

Question 10

name this type of hydrocephalus

blockage *outside the ventricular system

Answer 10

communicating hydrocephalus

Question 11

name this type of hydrocephalus

blockage *anywhere along the ventricular system

Answer 11

noncommunicating hydrocephalus

Question 12

name this type of hydrocephalus

brain atrophy w/ compensatory expansion of ventricular system; seen in Alzheimers

Answer 12

hydrocephalus ex vacuo

Question 13

what are the causes of increased intracranial pressure?

Answer 13

mass effect
cerebral edema
hydrocephalus
herniation

Question 14

what are the causes of hydrocephalus?

Answer 14

decreased resorption of CSF
-most common cause

increased CSF production
-rare

Question 15

localized expansion of brain due to increased intracranial pressure like cerebral edema causes displacement of structures in relation to dural folds

what is this condition?

Answer 15

herniation

Question 16

this is the effect (name this) of a herniation in which there is displacement of brain parenchyma across fixed barriers? (what are these, 3 of them)

Answer 16

subfalcine
transtentorial
tonsillar

Question 17

what is this type of hernia?

occurs in cingulate gyrus under the falx cerebri

Answer 17

subfalcine herniation

Question 18

what is this type of hernia?

a displacement of the uncus over the free edge of the opening of the tentorium

Answer 18

transtentorial herniation

Question 19

what is this type of hernia?

a displacement of the cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum

Answer 19

tonsillar herniation

Question 20

absence of the brain and calvarium (incompatible with life)

Answer 20

anencephaly

Question 21

diverticulum of CNS tissue through a defect in the cranium, most often occurs in the hospital region or posterior fossa

Answer 21

encephalocele

Question 22

extension of CNS tissue through a defect in the vertebral column affecting

Answer 22

myelomeningocele

Question 23

extension of only the meninges through a defect in the vertebral column

Answer 23

meningocele

Question 24

may be asymptomatic bony defect or severe malformation

Answer 24

spina bifida