CNS PATHOLOGY TERMS II

Question 1

small, unusually numerous gyri

Answer 1

polymicrogyria

Question 2

abnormally large/small volumes of brain

Answer 2

megalencephaly/microencephaly

Question 3

absence of gyri

Answer 3

lissencephaly (agyria)

Question 4

incomplete separation of cerebral hemispheres

Answer 4

holoprosencephaly

Question 5

complete separation of cerebral hemispheres

Answer 5

agenesis of corpus callosum

Question 6

small posterior fossa, malformed cerebellum with extension of the vermis through the foramen magnum, hydrocephalus, and lumbar meningocele

Resulting downward displacement of cerebellar vermis and deformity of the medulla

Answer 6

Arnold-Chiari malformation

Question 7

enlarged posterior fossa, absent or rudimentary cerebellar vermis, midline ependymal cyst

Answer 7

Dandy-Walker malformation

Question 8

any non-progressive neurologic motor deficit attributable to

injury in the prenatal or perinatal period

Answer 8

Cerebral Palsy

Question 9

seen in premature infants (increased risk)

often near the junction between the thalamus and caudate nucleus

Answer 9

Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage

Question 10

damage depends on anatomic location and the brain’s limited capacity for repair

Answer 10

Trauma

Question 11

clinical syndrome of alteration in consciousness

Includes sudden onset of transient neurologic dysfunction w/ complete recovery

Answer 11

Concussion

Question 12

caused by rapid displacement, disruption of vascular channels, and subsequent hemorrhage (bruising), injury, and edema

Answer 12

Contusion

Question 13

name this contusion

injury underlying point of contact

Answer 13

Coup

Question 14

name this contusion

injury opposite the point of contact

Answer 14

Contracoup

Question 15

penetration of an object w/ tearing of tissue

Answer 15

Laceration

Question 16

axonal swelling in white matter; result of angular deceleration/acceleration

Answer 16

Diffuse Axonal Injury

Question 17

involving inferior surfaces of frontal lobes, anterior temporal lobes & cerebellum

Answer 17

Multiple contusions

Question 18

present in both temporal lobes, with areas of hemorrhage and tissue disruption

Answer 18

Acute contusions

Question 19

seen as discolored yellow areas, are present on the inferior frontal surface of this brain

Answer 19

Remote contusions

Question 20

blood between dura and periosteum of the skull

Answer 20

Epidural Hematoma

Question 21

blood between dura and arachnoid layer of leptomeninges

Answer 21

Subdural Hematoma

Question 22

Brain normally receives 15% of cardiac output and 20% of oxygen

autoregulation

Answer 22

vascular disease

Question 23

decrease in oxygen available to the tissues

Answer 23

Hypoxia

Question 24

low inspired PO2
• impaired oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
• inhibition of oxygen use by tissues

Answer 24

Functional Hypoxia

Question 25

decrease in tissue perfusion
○ Transient - causing an interruption of blood flow (TIA)
○ Permanent - causing a cessation of blood flow

Answer 25

Ischemia

Question 26

name this type of ischemia

causing an interruption of blood flow (TIA)

Answer 26

transient

Question 27

name this type of ischemia

causing a cessation of blood flow

Answer 27

permanent

Question 28

(aka ischemic/hypoxic encephalopathy)

a generalized reduction in cerebral perfusion

Answer 28

Global Cerebral Ischemia

Question 29

reduction or cessation of blood flow to a localized area of the brain (an infarct)

Answer 29

Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Question 30

within the brain parenchyma or subarachnoid space

Answer 30

Hemorrhage