IMMUNITY DISEASE I TERMS

Question 1

the immune system protects against exogenous substances

Answer 1

immunity

Question 2

damage normal host tissue

Answer 2

autoimmune reactions

Question 3

blood transfusions

Answer 3

react to homologous antigens

Question 4

endogenous antigens

Answer 4

autoimmunity

Question 5

mediated by cells and proteins that are always present and have evolved to specifically recognize microbes and protect individuals against infections

Answer 5

innate immunity

Question 6

block entry of microbes

Answer 6

epithelial barriers

Question 7

mainly neutrophils and macrophages

Answer 7

phagocytic leukocytes

Question 8

provide early protection against many viruses and intracellular bacteria

Answer 8

NK cells

Question 9

normally silent and is activated by the presence of infection, mechanisms are stimulated by the microbes capable of recognizing microbial and non microbial substances

Answer 9

adaptive (acquired) immunity

Question 10

mediated by soluble proteins called antibodies produced by B-lymphocytes

Answer 10

humoral

Question 11

mediated by T lymphocytes

Answer 11

cell mediated

Question 12

name this hypersensitivity reaction?

mediated by IgE antibodies bound to mast cells and basophils in response to a particular antigen like allergens

these release mediators and pro inflammatory cytokines which recruit inflammatory cells

Answer 12

type I anaphylactic (immediate)

Question 13

name this cytokine

this stimulates B cells specific for the allergen to undergo heavy chain class switch IgG to IgE and to secrete this immunoglobulin

Answer 13

IL-4

Question 14

name this cytokine

activates eosinophils

Answer 14

IL-5

Question 15

name this cytokine

acts on epithelial cells and increases mucus secretion

Answer 15

IL-13

Question 16

most abundant mediator generated by cyclo-oxygenase pathway

-bronchospasm, increased mucus secretion like asthma

Answer 16

PGD2

Question 17

most potent vasoactive and spasmogenic agents

several thousand times more active than histamine on a molar basis

Answer 17

LTC4 and LTD4

Question 18

highly chemotactic for neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes

Answer 18

LTB4

Question 19

activation of mast cells results in synthesis and secretion

important in late phase reaction

Answer 19

cytokines

Question 20

what is this reaction

may result in systemic anaphylaxis; bee venom, drugs/medications

level of sensitization
pruritis, urticaria, erythema
bronchoconstriction, laryngeal edema, obstruction

Answer 20

systemic reaction

Question 21

what is this reaction

limited exposure; skin, GI, lung
urticaria, allergic rhinitis, asthma

Answer 21

local reaction

Question 22

what is this hypersensitivity reaction?

caused by antibodies directed against target antigens on cell surface or other tissue components

Answer 22

type II antibody mediated

Question 23

cells are coated with autoantibodies with or without complement proteins

receptors for Fc portion of IgG and for C3 breakdown products

opsonized cells are usually eliminated in the spleen

Answer 23

opsonization and phagocytosis

Question 24

antibodies bound to cellular or tissue antigens activate classical pathway

Answer 24

inflammation

Question 25

in some cases, antibodies are directed against cell surface receptors impair or dysregulate cell function, but do NOT cause cellular injury or inflammation

Answer 25

antibody mediated cellular dysfunction

Question 26

name this disease, a type II antibody mediated response?

TSH receptor
antibody mediated stimulation of TSH receptors
hyperthyroidism

Answer 26

graves disease

Question 27

name this disease, a type II antibody mediated response?

acetylcholine receptor
antibody inhibits acetylcholine binding, down modulates receptors
muscle weakness, paralysis

Answer 27

myasthenia gravis

Question 28

what is this type of hypersensitivity reaction?

occurs when antigen-antibody complexes induce inflammatory response which may cause tissue damage

antigens can be endogenous or exogenous

Answer 28

type III immune complex

Question 29

name this type of type III immune complex:

formation of antigen antibody complexes in circulation

deposition of immune complexes in various tissues

immune complex mediated inflammation and tissue injury

*this is a prototype of systemic immune complex disease where the antibodies react with antigen in circulation forming antigen antibody complexes

Answer 29

systemic

*acute serum sickness

Question 30

name this type of type III immune complex:

localized area of tissue necrosis resulting from acute immune complex vasculitis after antigen is injected into skin

Answer 30

localized

Question 31

what is this type of type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

• 12-48 hours
• mediated by CD4+ cells
• TB, fungi, protozoa, contact skin
• graft rejection
• edema
• -tuberculin skin test

Answer 31

delayed-type hypersensitivity

Question 32

what is this type of type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

• CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells
• graft rejection
• respond to viral infection and tumor cells
• perforin-granzyme system

Answer 32

t-cell mediated cytotoxicity

Question 33

most significant blood group antigen system for transfusion

antigens A,B,H

Answer 33

the ABO system

Question 34

the major antigen, controlled by a single gene locus

autosomal dominant, locus D

D positivity confers Rh positivity

Answer 34

the D antigen

Question 35

last double check to prevent transfusion of incompatible RBCs

Answer 35

cross matching

Question 36

combs test that detects presence of immunoglobulin, complement or both coating the surface of RBCs

Answer 36

direct antiglobin test (Combs test)

Question 37

like type and screen except crossmatch is performed

Answer 37

type and cross