CLINICAL ASPECTS OF NEOPLASIA TERMS

Question 1

progressive loss of body fat and lean body mass accompanied by profound weakness, anorexia and anemia, unlike starvation, weight loss results equally from loss of fat and lean muscle

Answer 1

cancer cachexia

Question 2

decreases appetite, mobilizes fats from tissue stores which inhibits lipoprotein lipase activity

Answer 2

TNF

Question 3

causes breakdown of skeletal muscle protein (loss of muscle tone)

Answer 3

proteolytic inducing factor

Question 4

symptoms not readily explained by either local or distant spread of the tumor, or the elaboration of hormones indigenous to tissue from which the tumor arose

occurs in 10-15% of patients with malignancy

Answer 4

paraneoplastic syndromes

Question 5

most common endocrinopathy

Answer 5

cushing syndrome`

Question 6

occurs by 2 mechanism that occurs non-paraneoplastic and paraneoplastic

Answer 6

hypercalcemia

Question 7

name this type of hypercalcemia

osteolysis by either primary bone cancer or metastasis due to the direct effects of metastatic tumor

Answer 7

non paraneoplastic

Question 8

name this type of hypercalcemia

production of PTH, PTH related hormone, TGF-alpha, TNF, IL-1 by tumor

Answer 8

paraneoplastic

Question 9

gray black patches of verruncous hyperkeratosis of the skin, associated with cancer 50%

Answer 9

acanthosis nigricans

Question 10

some neural antigens are ectopically expressed by visceral cancers and immune system recognizes these antigens as foreign and mounts an immune response

Answer 10

neuromyopathic paraneoplasias

Question 11

may be encountered in association with deep seated cancers like of the pancreas or lung; thrombi appear asynchronously in several veins

Answer 11

migratory thrombophlebitis

Question 12

name this type of tumor antigen?

present only on tumor cells, not on normal cells

Answer 12

tumor specific antigens (TSA)

Question 13

name this type of tumor antigen?

present on tumor cells and on some normal cells

Answer 13

tumor associated antigens (TAA)

Question 14

is the dominant antitumor mechanism in vivo

Answer 14

cell mediated immunity

Question 15

specifically sensitized cytotoxic T-cells

Answer 15

cytotoxic T-lymphocytes

Question 16

lymphocytes capable of destroying tumor cells without prior sensitization

Answer 16

natural killer cells

Question 17

activated macrophages exhibit selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells in vitro

Answer 17

macrophages

Question 18

although there is no evidence for the protective effects of anti humor antibodies against spontaneous tumors, administration of monoclonal antibodies against tumor cells can be therapeutically effective

Answer 18

humoral mechanisms (antibodies)