HEMODYNAMIC DISEASE II HIGH YIELD

Question 1

what is the purpose of normal hemostasis?

Answer 1

maintenance of the blood in a fluid clot free state in normal vessels

poised to induce a rapid and localized hemostatic plug at a site of vascular injury

Question 2

what are the components used in normal hemostasis?

Answer 2

vascular wall
platelets
coagulation cascade

Question 3

thrombosis has the potential to?

Answer 3

decrease vascular flow
embolize
obstruct blood flow

Question 4

what are the three primary abnormalities that lead to thrombus formation (Virchow’s triad)?

Answer 4

endothelial injury

changes in laminar blood flow

hypercoagulability

Question 5

what are examples of endothelial injury?

Answer 5

ulcerated atherosclerotic plaque

myocardial infarction

inflammatory cardiac valve disease

Question 6

what are the examples of changes in laminar blood flow?

Answer 6

stasis

turbulence

Question 7

name this type of laminar blood flow?

activation of platelets

slowed rate of flow retards dilution and hepatic clearance of activated factors

retards inflow of inhibitors

Answer 7

stasis

Question 8

name this type of laminar blood flow?

activation of platelets

endothelial injury

retards inflow of inhibitors

Answer 8

turbulence

Question 9

what are the two types of hypercoagulability?

Answer 9

primary (genetic)

secondary (acquired)

Question 10

what is the morphology of thrombi?

Answer 10

premortem thrombus

post mortem thrombus

mural thrombus

arterial thrombus

venous thrombus

vegatation

Question 11

what is the fate of the thrombus?

Answer 11

propagation

embolization

dissolution

organization

Question 12

what are the types of venous thrombus?

Answer 12

superficial (local problems) and deep (more likely to embolize)

Question 13

what are the examples of arterial thrombosis?

Answer 13

occlusive (MI, stroke)

heart (mural) thrombi embolize peripherally to brain, kidneys, and spleen

Question 14

what are the types of embolism?

Answer 14

pulmonary embolism
systemic thromboembolism
fat embolism
air embolism 
amniotic fluid embolus

Question 15

what re the types of pulmonary embolism?

Answer 15

saddle embouls

small pulmonary emboli

Question 16

acute and chromic decompression sickness are what types of embolism?

Answer 16

air embolism

Question 17

name this embolism:

sudden severe dyspnea, cyanosis, and hypotensive shock

seizures and coma

pulmonary edema, diffuse alveolar damage

hemolytic disease

Answer 17

amniotic fluid embolus

Question 18

what are the two types of infarcts?

Answer 18

red infarcts (hemorrhagic occur with venous occlusions)

white infarcts (anemic and occurs with arterial occlusion)

Question 19

morphology of infarcts?

Answer 19

wedge shaped
margins become better defined with time
rim of hyperemia
inflammation
scarring

Question 20

what are the factors influencing the development of infarct?

Answer 20

anatomic pattern of vascular supply

rate of development of the occlusion

vulnerability of a given tissue to hypoxia

general status of CV system and blood (anemia)