CELLULAR REPAIR HIGH YIELD

Question 1

the extracellular matrix is dynamic in that its always changing its components, what are these components?

Answer 1

interstitial matrix

basement membrane

Question 2

the basement membrane is comprised of what collagen and protein?

Answer 2

type IV collagen

adhesive glycoproteins

Question 3

what is the role of cellular repair?

Answer 3

mechanical support

polarity

control of cell growth

maintenance of cell differentiation

scaffolding for tissue renewal

establishment of microenvironments

storage and presentation of regulatory molecules

Question 4

what proteins are used for cellular repair?

Answer 4

fibrous structural proteins
adhesive glycoproteins/integrin
proteoglycans and hyaluronanic acid

Question 5

what are the examples of fibrous structural proteins?

what are the types of collagen proteins?

Answer 5

collagen, elastin, fibrillin, elastic fibers

fibrillar
non fibrillar

Question 6

what are the examples of adhesive glycoproteins and integrins?

Answer 6

fibronectin
laminin
integrins

Question 7

name these glycoproteins or integrin?

large multifunctional glycoprotein involved in cellular attachment, spreading and migration

regulates sensitivity of cells to growth factors

Answer 7

fibronectin

Question 8

name these glycoproteins or integrin?

most abundant glycoprotein in basement membrane that binds to specific cell receptors on one end

bind to matrix components on other: collagen IV, heparan sulfate via integrin receptors

Answer 8

laminin

Question 9

affect of laminin in cell culture?

Answer 9

alters growth, survival, morphology, differentiation and motility

Question 10

name these glycoproteins or integrin?

major cell surface receptors that mediate cellular attachment to the ECM and also mediate cell-cell interactions

Answer 10

interns

Question 11

is proteoglycan or hyaluronon?

protein core linked to polysaccharides

• confers resilience and lubrication
• diverse, consists of heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, derma tan sulfate
• can also be integral membrane components
• -syndecan

Answer 11

proteoglycans

Question 12

what are the common proteoglycans?

Answer 12

heparin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, derma tan sulfte

Question 13

this proteoglycan binds to collagen, fibronectin, and thrombospondin to modulate GF activity

Answer 13

syndecan

Question 14

this protein is found in the ECM, serves as ligand for core protein

associate with cell surface receptors
binds water, forming a gel

Answer 14

hyaluronan

Question 15

what are the 4 components of cell repair?

Answer 15

angiogenesis
migration and proliferation of fibroblasts
deposition of ECM
remodeling

Question 16

angiogenesis involves a variety of what growth factors?

Answer 16

VEGF, FGFb

angiopoietins

Question 17

what are the steps of angiogenesis?

Answer 17

• proteolysis of ECM
• migration and chemotaxis
• proliferation
• lumen formation, maturation and inhibition of growth
• increased permeability through gaps and transcytosis

Question 18

what issue can arise with neovascularization due to leaky unstable new vessels?

Answer 18

diabetic retinopathy

Question 19

what is the important fibrogenic agent?

Answer 19

TGF-B

Question 20

what important protein is involved in remodeling?

Answer 20

metalloproteinases which is dependent on zinc

Question 21

this tissue type is the hallmark of healing?

• we a granular, pink appearance
• what are the histologic features?

Answer 21

granulation tissue

*angiogenesis
proliferation of fibroblasts
edema

Question 22

what are the effects of wound healing?

Answer 22

induction of acute inflammation
regeneration of parenchymal cells
migration and proliferation of both CT and parenchymal cells
synthesis of ECM
tissue remodeling
collagenization and acquisition of wound strength

Question 23

describe the healing of skin ulcers via 2nd intention?

Answer 23

pressure ulcer of the skin

skin ulcer with large gap between hyperkeratotic edges

thin layer of epidermal re-epithilaiation and extensive granulation tissue

continuing re-epithelialization of epidermis and wound contraction

Question 24

what factors influence repair systemically and locally?

Answer 24

systemic

• nutrition
• metabolic status
• circulatory status

locally

• infection
• mechanical
• foreign bodies

Question 25

what are the complications of wound healing?

Answer 25

deficient scar formation
excessive production of repair components
keloid and hypertrophic scar
contractures

Question 26

what are the examples of keloid and hypertrophic scar?

Answer 26

hypertrophic scars
keloids
exuberant granulation (proud flesh)
aggressive fibromatoses (desmoids)