GLOSSARY SECTION I PART A Flashcards

1
Q

Chance that each child has of getting a disease if only one parent is affected

Reduction in normal gene product associated with clinical symptoms

Reduction in enzyme Activity that can usually be compensated for AR

patients with a DVT that are Asymptomatic

what is the percent?

A

50%

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2
Q

When more than ___ of the pulmonary circulation is obstructed, Sudden death, Right Heart Failure, Or Cardiovascular Collapse occurs

___ of Pulmonary embolisms are Silent Pulmonary embolisms

A

60%

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3
Q

___ of systemic thromboembolism end up in the lower extremity

___ of people who acquire HIV/AIDs get it from sexual contact

A

75%

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4
Q

Most cancers occur after 55 years old

A

age

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5
Q

C3a and C5a from the complement system

Induce degranulation of mast cells and basophils

A

Anaphylatoxins

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6
Q

Causes shock – severity reflects level of sensitivity

Causes pruritus, urticarial, erythema, bronchoconstriction, laryngeal edema, bronchial obstruction

A

Systemic Anaphylaxis

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7
Q

Caused by inhaled or ingested administration of allergen

Contact dermatitis, diarrhea, bronchoconstriction, hives, asthma

A

Local Anaphylaxis

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8
Q

Leakage from new blood vessels

This is why diabetics have a lot of swelling

A

Angiogenesis

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9
Q

A protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen

Combine chemically with substances in the body and recognizes them as alien

A

Antibodies

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10
Q

Potent inhibitor of the coagulation cascade (if deficient then too much clotting)

A

Antithrombin III

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11
Q

Internally controlled programmed cell death – minimal effect to surrounding tissue

Eliminates unwanted host cells in certain situations: embyogenesis, hormone-dependent physiologic involution (after pregnancy), over-proliferating cell population, autoreactive T-cells in thymus, disease, tumor, atrophy

Involves activation of capases (via mitochondrial pathway or death receptor pathway)

A

Apoptosis

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12
Q

Type III hypersensitivity

Ag injected into skin and Ab-Ag complex forms in skin leading to vasculitis and necrosis

4-10 days

A

Arthus Reaction

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13
Q

Genetic predisposition to develop reactions to inhaled or ingested antigens

A

Atopy

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14
Q

Shrinkage in the size and function of cells resulting in decrease in organ size

Causes: no nerve or blood supply, malnutrition, low hormones

Decreased protein synthesis + increased protein degredation

A

Atrophy

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15
Q

Acting on self

A

Autocrine

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16
Q

Product of heme breakdown

Elevated in acute hemolytic reaction

17
Q

Goes into bloodstream (free)

18
Q

Attaches to microbe, works on C5 which will then split

Mark a cell for recognition and destruction by phagocytes

19
Q

Activates lipooxygenase pathway of arachadonic acid, CHEMOTACTIC FACTOR

20
Q

Attaches and goes to C6

Cornerstone for membrane attack complex

21
Q

Blasts holes so contents leak out (destruction mechanism without developing IgM)

22
Q

progressive loss of body fat and lean body mass along with profound weakness, anorexia, and anemia

appears before a tumor is evident

TNF, cytokines, proteolysis

23
Q

deposited in dead, dying or damaged tissue (normal serum)

A

dystrophic calcification

24
Q

deposition in normal (causes hypercalcemia)

A

metastatic calcification

25
Taken up by mediastinal lymph nodes (heterophagy)
Carbon
26
Cells with self-renewal capacity Embryonic- pluripotent which produce all cells of the body Adult- have restricted differentiation capactiy
Stem cells
27
Locomotion along a chemical gradient All WBCs respond to chemotaxis Can be endogenous (complement, cytokines, lipoxygenase) or exogenous (bacterial)
Chemotaxis
28
Seen in solid organs due to loss of blood Makes tissues firm
Coagulative Necrosis
29
Strongest In bones, tendons, ligaments
Collagen Type I
30
Initially laid down in wounds and replaced by Type I
Collagen Type III
31
In basement membranes
Collagen Type IV