GLOSSARY SECTION I PART A Flashcards
Chance that each child has of getting a disease if only one parent is affected
Reduction in normal gene product associated with clinical symptoms
Reduction in enzyme Activity that can usually be compensated for AR
patients with a DVT that are Asymptomatic
what is the percent?
50%
When more than ___ of the pulmonary circulation is obstructed, Sudden death, Right Heart Failure, Or Cardiovascular Collapse occurs
___ of Pulmonary embolisms are Silent Pulmonary embolisms
60%
___ of systemic thromboembolism end up in the lower extremity
___ of people who acquire HIV/AIDs get it from sexual contact
75%
Most cancers occur after 55 years old
age
C3a and C5a from the complement system
Induce degranulation of mast cells and basophils
Anaphylatoxins
Causes shock – severity reflects level of sensitivity
Causes pruritus, urticarial, erythema, bronchoconstriction, laryngeal edema, bronchial obstruction
Systemic Anaphylaxis
Caused by inhaled or ingested administration of allergen
Contact dermatitis, diarrhea, bronchoconstriction, hives, asthma
Local Anaphylaxis
Leakage from new blood vessels
This is why diabetics have a lot of swelling
Angiogenesis
A protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen
Combine chemically with substances in the body and recognizes them as alien
Antibodies
Potent inhibitor of the coagulation cascade (if deficient then too much clotting)
Antithrombin III
Internally controlled programmed cell death – minimal effect to surrounding tissue
Eliminates unwanted host cells in certain situations: embyogenesis, hormone-dependent physiologic involution (after pregnancy), over-proliferating cell population, autoreactive T-cells in thymus, disease, tumor, atrophy
Involves activation of capases (via mitochondrial pathway or death receptor pathway)
Apoptosis
Type III hypersensitivity
Ag injected into skin and Ab-Ag complex forms in skin leading to vasculitis and necrosis
4-10 days
Arthus Reaction
Genetic predisposition to develop reactions to inhaled or ingested antigens
Atopy
Shrinkage in the size and function of cells resulting in decrease in organ size
Causes: no nerve or blood supply, malnutrition, low hormones
Decreased protein synthesis + increased protein degredation
Atrophy
Acting on self
Autocrine
Product of heme breakdown
Elevated in acute hemolytic reaction
Bilirubin
Goes into bloodstream (free)
C3a
Attaches to microbe, works on C5 which will then split
Mark a cell for recognition and destruction by phagocytes
C3b
Activates lipooxygenase pathway of arachadonic acid, CHEMOTACTIC FACTOR
C5a
Attaches and goes to C6
Cornerstone for membrane attack complex
C5b
Blasts holes so contents leak out (destruction mechanism without developing IgM)
C5b-9
progressive loss of body fat and lean body mass along with profound weakness, anorexia, and anemia
appears before a tumor is evident
TNF, cytokines, proteolysis
cachexia
deposited in dead, dying or damaged tissue (normal serum)
dystrophic calcification
deposition in normal (causes hypercalcemia)
metastatic calcification
Taken up by mediastinal lymph nodes (heterophagy)
Carbon
Cells with self-renewal capacity
Embryonic- pluripotent which produce all cells of the body
Adult- have restricted differentiation capactiy
Stem cells
Locomotion along a chemical gradient
All WBCs respond to chemotaxis
Can be endogenous (complement, cytokines, lipoxygenase) or exogenous (bacterial)
Chemotaxis
Seen in solid organs due to loss of blood
Makes tissues firm
Coagulative Necrosis
Strongest
In bones, tendons, ligaments
Collagen Type I
Initially laid down in wounds and replaced by Type I
Collagen Type III
In basement membranes
Collagen Type IV
