CELL DEATH TERMS Flashcards
occurs after loss of blood supply or after an exposure to toxins
necrosis
denaturation of intracellular proteins and enzymatic digestion of lethally injured cell
loss of membrane integrity and ultimately dissolution of cell
leaked cellular contents often elicit a local host reaction
leakage of cellular contents
cleans up cellular debris and starts repair process
inflammation
condensation of nuclear material into a solid, darkly staining mass in a dying cell thickness, especially shrinking of cells through degeneration, also in apoptosis
pyknosis
dissolution of nucleus by swelling or necrosis with the loss of its affinity for staining with basic dyes
karyolysis
pyknotic nucleus undergoes fragmentation in which chromatin disintegrates into formless granules that are extruded from the cell
karyorrhexis
red and dead, architecture of dead tissues preserved
coagulative
characterized by digestion of dead cells resulting in transformation of tissue into liquid viscous mass, found in organs without connective tissue resulting in empty space produced due to tissue liquification; brain
liquefactive
encountered most often in TB infection (granuloma) cheese like friable white appearance; lung
caseous
in fatty organs and tissue, focal areas of destruction due to release of pancreatic lipase; acute pancreatitis, calcification; pancreas
fat
programmed cell death following activation of internally controlled suicide program with minimal disruption of surrounding tissue
apoptosis
pathway that uses the choice to determine whether or not apoptosis will occur based on the permeability of the mitochondria
mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathway
large number of cells that express surface molecules called death receptors which trigger apoptosis (most belong to TNF receptor family)
death receptor (extrinsic) pathway
name this intracellular accumulation
a normal endogenous substance is produced at a normal or increased rate, but the rate of
metabolism is inadequate to remove it
(ex. fatty change in liver)
Abnormal metabolism
name this intracellular accumulation
accumulation of abnormal endogenous substance
protein mutation
name this intracellular accumulation
normal endogenous substance accumulates because of defects in enzymes that are required for the metabolism of the substance and
seen in genetic diseases
lack of enzyme
name this intracellular accumulation
accumulation of exogenous materials
carbon accumulation in lung tissue
ingestion of indigestible materials
reversible fatty change usually in liver; excess accumulation of triglycerides resulting from excessive entry or defective metabolism and export of lipids
lipids
intracellular accumulation of cholesterol within macrophages
cholesterol and cholesterol esters
focal accumulations of cholesterol laden macrophages in lamina propria of gallbladder
cholersterolosis
droplets in proximal renal tubules
resorption
name this pigment
- telltale sign of free radical injury and lipid peroxidation (yellow-brown, finely granular, cytoplasmic, often perinuclear)
Lipofuscin (myocyte)
name this pigment
-major form of iron storage (bone marrow, liver, spleen), formed by ferritin with local or systemic excess of iron (golden-brown, granular or crystalline)
Hemosiderin
name this pigment
brown-black pigment
Melanin
any alteration within cells or in the extracellular space which gives a homogenous glassy pink appearance in routine H&E stain (eosinophilic); specific marker for cell injury
Hyaline change
deposition in NORMAL tissue, hypercalcemia (MN)
Metastatic calcification
deposition of calcium in DEAD, DYING or DAMAGED (abnormal) tissue, serum calcium levels normal (DDD)
Dystrophic calcification
present in cell, only allow processes to go on for a certain period of time
Clock genes
cellular lifespan may be determined by the balance between cellular damage from metabolic events and the ability of the cell to repair the damage
Metabolic events
