PRIMARY MYOCARDIAL DISEASES

Question 1

what are the primary myocardial diseases?

Answer 1

myocarditis
cardiomyopathy
congenital heart disease

Question 2

cause of myocarditis?

Answer 2

infections

• viruses, coxsackievirus A/B, enterovirus
• parasites, trypanosoma cruzi; chugs disease

immune mediated reactions

• allergic
• post streptococcal, SLE, polymyositis

Question 3

dilated heart
myocardium soft and pale w/ hemorrhage

this is the gross dissection of what primary myocardial disease

Answer 3

gross myocarditis

Question 4

mononuclear infiltrate
eosinophils
mixed infiltrate with parasites

this is the histology of what primary myocardial disease?

Answer 4

myocarditis

Question 5

clinical aspect of myocarditis?

Answer 5

asymptomatic to severe CHF

arrhythmias

Question 6

what are the types of cardiomyopathies?

Answer 6

primary
secondary
dilated
hypertrophic
restrictive/obliterative

Question 7

primary cardiomyopathy has a known cause, T/F?

Answer 7

F, unknown

Question 8

what are the secondary known causes?

Answer 8

ischemic
pericardial
hypertensive
congenital
valvular
inflammatory

Question 9

most common cardiomyopathy?

progressive cardiac dilation and contractile dysfunction

etiology being alcohol toxicity, pregnancy associated with nutritional deficiency

Answer 9

dilated cardiomyopathy (systolic dysfunction)

Question 10

this is an idiopathic hypertrophic sub aortic stenosis associated with diastolic dysfunction

characterized by?

Answer 10

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (diastolic dysfunction)

asymmetric cardiac enlargement with myocardial hypertrophy

abnormal diastolic filling

intermittent ventricular outflow obstruction

Question 11

pathogenesis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 11

familial AD due to mutations in the sarcomeric genes

B myosin heavy chain gene

Question 12

this type of primary myocardial diseases is the most common causes of sudden, otherwise unexplained death in young athletes

Answer 12

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 13

least common primary myocardial diseases?

etiology?

Answer 13

restrictive/obliterative cardiomyopathy (diastolic dysfunction)

cardiac amyloidosis***

Question 14

what is this primary myocardial disease

heart abnormality present from birth and arises during faulty embryogenesis gestation weeks 3-8

Answer 14

congenital heart disease

Question 15

signs and symptoms of congenital heart disease appear as?

Answer 15

circulation switches from fetal to post natal

Question 16

multifactorial causes of congenital heart disease?

Answer 16

genetic- trisomy 21
environmental- congenital rubella infection
maternal factors

Question 17

major categories of congenital heart disease?

Answer 17

left to right shunt
-ASD
-VSD
-PDA
right to left shunt
-early cyanotic
-paradoxical embolism
-tetralogy of fallout
-transposition of great arteries
congenital obstructive lesions
-coarctation of the aorta