HEMODYNAMIC DISEASE I TERMS

Question 1

increased fluid in the interstitial tissues (60% of lean body weight is water- 2/3 intracellular, 1/3 extracellular)

or

abnormal accumulation of fluid within interstitial spaces or body cavities (inflammatory or non-inflammatory)

Answer 1

edema

Question 2

reduced plasma oncotic pressure

Answer 2

hypoproteinemia

Question 3

severe generalized edema

Answer 3

anasarca

Question 4

collection of fluid in abdominal cavity seen with liver cirrhosis

Answer 4

ascites

Question 5

collection of fluid in pleural cavity

Answer 5

pleural effusion (hydrothorax)

Question 6

collection of fluid in the pericardial sac

Answer 6

pericardial effusion (hydropericardium)

Question 7

edema fluid occurring with volume or fluid overload, or with reduced plasma protein (SG<1.012)

Answer 7

transudate

Question 8

edema fluid seen in inflammation,high in protein due to increased vascular permeability SG>1.020

Answer 8

exudate

Question 9

can be diffuse or more conspicuous in regions with high hydrostatic pressures

Answer 9

subcutaneous

Question 10

located subcutaneous and seen on lower extremities, fluid build up

Answer 10

pitting edema

Question 11

located subcutaneous with fluid build up seen in lower parts of body only when patient is standing (gravity assisted)

Answer 11

dependent edema

Question 12

edema seen with LV failure, renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary infection

Answer 12

pulmonary edema

Question 13

edema that is localized or generalized depending on the nature and extent of the pathologic process or injury

Answer 13

brain edema

Question 14

active process in which arteriolar dilation leads to increased blood flow like blushing, exercise

Answer 14

hyperemia

Question 15

the engorgement of vessels with oxygenated blood

Answer 15

erythematous

Question 16

a passive process resulting from reduced outflow of blood from a tissue (venous stasis)

Answer 16

congestion

Question 17

central vein and sinusoids distended, centrilobular hepatocytes are ischemic while periportal hepatocytes may only develop fatty change (steatosis)

Answer 17

acute hepatic congestion

Question 18

extravasation of blood due to rupture of the vessel

Answer 18

hemorrhage

Question 19

minute (1-2 mm) hemorrhages into skin, mucus membranes, or serial surfaces causing thrombocytopenia, defective platelet function and loss of vascular wall support

Answer 19

petechiae

Question 20

slightly larger hemorrhages caused by same ones that cause petachiae, in addition to, trauma, vascular inflammation and increased vascular fragility

Answer 20

purpura

Question 21

(1-2cm) subcutaneous hemorrhages, bruises

Answer 21

ecchymoses

Question 22

systemic hypo perfusion owing to a reduction in either cardiac output or in the effective circulating blood volume, resulting in hypoxic injury to cells

final common pathway for a number of potentially lethal events

severe hemorrhage
extensive trauma or burns
large MI
masive pulmonary embolus
microbial sepsis

Answer 22

shock

Question 23

name this type of shock:

results from cardiac pump failure

intrinsic myocardial damage
ventricular arrhythmia
extrinsic compression
outflow obstruction

Answer 23

cardiogenic shock

Question 24

name this type of shock:

loss of blood or plasma volume

caused by hemorrhage or fluid loss, trauma or severe burns

Answer 24

hypovolemic shock

Question 25

name this type of shock:

systemic microbial infection, most commonly caused by gram negative infection

Answer 25

septic shock

Question 26

name this type of shock:

anesthetic accident or spinal injury, loss of vascular tone with peripheral blood pooling

Answer 26

neurogenic shock

Question 27

name this type of shock:

initiated by a generalized IgE mediated type I hypersensitivity response
-systemic vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

Answer 27

anaphylactic shock

Question 28

weak rapid pulse

Answer 28

hypotension