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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Poultry Top Topics - Top 20 Poultry Diseases Part 2 > Flashcards

Poultry Top Topics - Top 20 Poultry Diseases Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the classic case presentation of gumboro (infectious bursal disease) in young chicks under 3 weeks old? what about older chicks?

A

less than 3 weeks - usually subclinical but causes chronic immune suppression

older - watery diarrhea, dehydration, & prostration

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2
Q

what is the etiology of gumboro?

A

birnavirus

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3
Q

how is gumboro diagnosed?

A

reverse transcriptase PCR on bursal tissue is most common, virus isolation, & serological tests

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4
Q

what is seen on necropsy of birds with infectious bursal disease?

A

swollen cloacal bursa of fabricius, usually yellowish but can be hemorrhagic (subclinical & recovered chickens have cloacal bursa atrophy)

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5
Q

how is gumboro treated?

A

no treatment - depopulate & disinfect

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6
Q

how is gumboro in chickens prevented?

A

vaccinate flocks to provide maternal antibodies & antibiotics provided to prevent secondary infections

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7
Q

what is the bursa of fabricius?

A

lymphoid structure in birds that is an out-pouching of the cloaca

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8
Q

T/F: gumboro, caused by birnavirus, has a worldwide distribution, is highly contagious, & is a reportable disease

A

true

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9
Q

T/F: pullorum disease has a high mortality rate

A

true

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10
Q

what is the classic case presentation of pullorum disease?

A

acute onset depression/death usually in chicks

death in adults with no preceding clinical signs

white diarrhea/pasting of the vent - may disseminate to other organs & cause grayish nodules

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11
Q

what other birds can be affected by pullorum disease?

A

turkey poults

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12
Q

what is the etiology of pullorum disease?

A

salmonella pullorum

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13
Q

what necropsy lesions may be seen on a bird with pullorum disease?

A

gray nodules on the liver, spleen, lungs, intestines, gizzard, & heart

cecal cores - caseous material in the cecum

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14
Q

how is pullorum disease diagnosed?

A

serology in adult birds

isolate & serotype from feces/fecal swabs or necropsy specimens

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15
Q

what is the treatment for pullorum disease?

A

none - cull & disinfect

could use sulfas/fluoroquinolones in valuable birds

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16
Q

how is pullorum disease prevented?

A

periodic serologic testing

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17
Q

how is pullorum disease transmitted?

A

vertical or horizontal transmission - carried by some wild birds

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18
Q

T/F: pullorum disease is rare in commercial poultry operations

A

true

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19
Q

what animals are affected by infectious coryza?

A

only chickens - usually pullets & layers

20
Q

what is the classic case presentation of infectious coryza?

A

acute onset severe rhinitis/sinusitis, swollen heads, congested combs, conjunctivitis, nasal mucopurulent discharge, sneezing, open mouth breathing, rales, & chicken losses/drop in egg production

21
Q

what is the etiology of infectious coryza?

A

gram-negative non-motile catalase-negative avibacterium paragallinarum

22
Q

how is infectious coryza diagnosed?

A

culture from swabs of nasal, choanal, or sinus exudate - requires a nurse colony of staph aureus

PCR is superior to culture & can differentiate serotypes

23
Q

what is the benefit of having a negative coagulase test on a bird you think has infectious coryza?

A

negative catalase test distinguishes it from non-pathogenic organisms which are catalase positive

24
Q

how is infectious coryza treated?

A

susceptible to most abx - sulfas, quinolones, tetracyclines, & macrolides

vaccines for high risk areas

all-in & all-out implemented in commercial operations

25
Q

what may be seen on necropsy of a bird with infectious coryza?

A

tenacious, yellow-gray exudate in the infraorbital sinuses

26
Q

where are most cases of infectious coryza seen?

A

california, southeast US, & sometimes northeast US

27
Q

what is the prognosis for backyard chickens with infectious coryza?

A

good for them - difficult to fully eradicate from large commercial operations

28
Q

what animals serve as reservoirs for infectious coryza?

A

chronically infected chickens - horizontal transmission

29
Q

T/F: infectious coryza is a highly contagious disease

A

true

30
Q

what is the classic case presentation of fowl cholera?

A

fatal septicemia, peracute death, depressed/ruffled birds, anorexia, oral mucoid discharge, diarrhea, respiratory signs

pneumonia in turkeys

31
Q

what clinical signs are seen in chronic cases of fowl cholera?

A

localized infections throughout the body

32
Q

what is the etiology of fowl cholera?

A

pasteurella multocida

33
Q

what is seen on necropsy of acute cases of fowl cholera? what about chronic cases?

A

acute - congestion of liver, spleen, & duodenum, & widespread hemorrhage

chronic - caseous arthritis, widespread suppurative lesions, & necrotic lung lesions

34
Q

how is fowl cholera diagnosed?

A

bacterial isolation from clinical specimens or necropsy samples (harder to isolate from suppurative lesions from acute lesions) - blood agar & test for abx sensitivity/resistance

blood smears or impression smears for bacteremia

35
Q

how is fowl cholera treated?

A

abx - TMS, amoxicillin, quinolones, & tetracyclines

supportive care

36
Q

how is fowl cholera prevented?

A

commonly prevented with vaccines - bacterins & live

37
Q

what birds are especially susceptible to fowl cholera?

A

waterfowl

38
Q

what is the major reservoir of fowl cholera?

A

chronically infected birds

39
Q

T/F: fowl cholera is highly contagious

A

true

40
Q

what is the classic case presentation of coccidiosis?

A

chicks - diarrhea, sometimes bloody, dehydration, & may be fatal

depressed/ruffled, anorexia, soiled vents

mild cases can slow weight gain & decrease egg production

41
Q

what is the etiology of coccidiosis?

A

various eimeria species - vary in host, pathogenicity, & target different segments of the intestinal tract

42
Q

how is coccidiosis diagnosed?

A

fecal float

43
Q

how is coccidiosis diagnosed in necropsy?

A

scrapings of intestinal mucosa - may also see distributive lesions of the gi tract

44
Q

what are the 4 eimeria species & the different parts of the intestines they target?

A
  1. e. tenella - cecum, highly pathogenic
  2. e. nectrix - mid-small intestines, highly pathogenic
  3. e. acervulina - upper small intestine, moderately pathogenic
  4. e. mitis - lower small intestine, little pathology
45
Q

what is the prognosis of coccidiosis in chickens?

A

prognosis depends on the species of eimeria involved

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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