Bovine Flash Notes - Foot & Mouth Disease

Question 1

what is the classic case presentation of foot & mouth disease in a cow?

Answer 1

cow with salivation & lameness that spreads quickly through a herd with vesicles/erosions/ulcers on the muzzle, in mouth/on tongue/teats/coronary bands

Question 2

T/F: foot & mouth disease is reportable worldwide & is one of the most contagious animal diseases known

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

what are the main clinical signs associated with foot & mouth disease?

Answer 3

high fever, drooling, lameness, vesicles, & erosions

Question 4

what differentials should be considered for cattle with suspected foot & mouth disease?

Answer 4

blue tongue, BHV-1, vesicular stomatitis, BVD, malignant catarrhal fever, bovine parapox virus, & IBR

Question 5

what differentials should be considered for pigs with suspected foot & mouth disease?

Answer 5

vesicular stomatitis, vesicular exanthema, & swine vesicular disease

Question 6

what differentials should be considered for sheep with suspected foot & mouth disease?

Answer 6

blue tongue & contagious ecthyma

Question 7

how is foot & mouth disease diagnosed?

Answer 7

ELISA/PCR/virus isolation/EM microscopy on samples of vesicular fluid - approved labs do initial testing & special reference labs do confirmatory testing

Question 8

what is the prognosis of foot & mouth disease in cattle?

Answer 8

good survival of infected animals but poor overall health of the herd & economic outcome

Question 9

how is foot & mouth disease prevented?

Answer 9

euthanasia of all positive/in-contact animals with carcasses burned/buried, maintaining strict movement/entry requirements, quarantine +/- vaccination of new animals with the killed vaccine, & disinfection using a cleaner with a pH under 6 or over 9 on the premises/equipment

Question 10

what is the impact of foot & mouth disease on the economy?

Answer 10

severe economic impact, production losses, & export/travel bans on animals/products within & between nations

Question 11

what is one of the first clinical signs of foot & mouth disease in cows?

Answer 11

salivation

Question 12

what is the causative agent of foot & mouth disease

Answer 12

apthovirus

Question 13

what species are most commonly affected by foot & mouth disease? what species are often carriers?

Answer 13

cattle most susceptible, pigs affected - american buffalo are often asymptomatic carriers