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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Equine Top Topic - Colic > Flashcards

Equine Top Topic - Colic Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most important factor in differentiating surgical from medical colics?

A

pain

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2
Q

T/F: horses that are repeatedly refractory to routine analgesics need colic surgery

A

TRUE

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3
Q

how is serum vs peritoneal lactate used to decide if a colicking horse needs to go to surgery?

A

lactate will be significantly higher in peritoneal fluid vs serum in surgical colic cases

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4
Q

proximal enteritis causing colic in a horse affectes what part of their gi tract?

A

small intestines

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5
Q

what is the classic case presentation of proximal enteritis in a horse?

A

mild colic/depression, fever, copious red-brown smelly nasogastric reflux

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6
Q

how is proximal enteritis in a horse diagnosed?

A

ultasound shows thick-waled hypomotile small intestines with some distension, peritoneal fluid has increased protein with normal WBC count

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7
Q

how is proximal enteritis in a horse treated?

A

iv fluids, analgesics, nasogastric decompression, laminitis, prophylaxis, and maybe surgical decompression

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8
Q

proximal enteritis as a cause of colic is more common in what horses? what clinical sign is very common with this type?

A

eastern US & europe, horses more depressed than colicky

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9
Q

what is the etiology of proximal enteritis?

A

unknown

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10
Q

what is the classic case presentation of large colon impaction?

A

mild intermittent colic with fairly normal PE parameters

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11
Q

how is large colon impaction diagnosed?

A

palpate impaction on rectal

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12
Q

how is large colon impaction treated?

A

enteral fluids & laxatives, analgesics as needed, & IV fluids if indicated

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13
Q

how is large colon impaction prevented?

A

maintain good dental care & appropriate parasite control, provide fresh water, & provide good quality hay

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14
Q

what are the most common sites of large colon impaction?

A

pelvic flexure, transverse colon, & base of cecum

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15
Q

how are sand impactions diagnosed? how are they treated?

A

radiographs - psyllium

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16
Q

what are cecal impactions associated with in colicky horses?

A

sudden decrease in activity level

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17
Q

what part of the gi tract is affected by spasmodic/tympanic colic in horses?

A

affects large colon

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18
Q

what is the classic case presentation of spasmodic/tympanic colic in horses?

A

acute onset of mild to severe colic, heart rate normal to increased, mucus membranes WNL, & typically, minimal gi sounds

19
Q

how is spasmodic/tympanic colic diagnosed?

A

presentation, lack of significant findings on rectal/nasogastric intubation, systemically stable, & responds to first round of medical therapy

20
Q

how is spasmodic/tympanic colic treated?

A

analgesics, sedatives, anti-spasmodics (buscopan), enteral fluids, & laxatives

21
Q

how is spasmodic/tympanic colic prevented?

A

maintain a consistent diet/management, maintain good dental care, & appropriate parasite control

22
Q

what is the most common cause of colic in horses?

A

spasmodic/tympanic

23
Q

what are three key surgical colics?

A

large colon volvulus, small intestinal incarceration or strangulation, & large colon displacement (left dorsal or right dorsal displacement)

24
Q

what is the classic case presentation of large colon volvulus?

A

acute severe pain with abdominal distension, often non-responsive to analgesics, significant tachycardia, varying degrees of systemic compromise depending on duration

25
Q

how is large colon volvulus diagnosed?

A

presentation, extremely gas filled intestines on rectal exam, & ultrasound shows diffusely significantly thickened large colon wall

26
Q

how is large colon volvulus treated?

A

surgery and potentially resection of the large colon

27
Q

what is the prognosis of large colon volvulus?

A

guarded

28
Q

how is large colon volvulus prevented?

A

unknown

29
Q

T/F: large colon volvulus are most often clockwise, & may or may not involve the cecum

A

TRUE

30
Q

T/F: the classic case of large colon volvulus is a broodmare just after foaling

A

TRUE

31
Q

what is the classic case presentation of small intestinal incarceration/strangulation?

A

progressively painful,copious nasogastric reflux, & deteriorating metabolic status

32
Q

how is small intestinal incarceration diagnosed?

A

distended loops of small intestines on rectal, copious nasogastric reflux, serosanguinous peritoneal fluid with increased lactate

33
Q

how is small intestinal incarceration treated?

A

surgery, & potentially resection of the small intestines

34
Q

how is small intestinal incarceration prevented?

A

unknown except for decreasing cribbing (can decrease risk of epiploic foramen entrapment)

35
Q

what is the most common cause of a strangulating colic in older, obese horses?

A

pedunculated lipomas

36
Q

where can incarceration of the small intestines occur in the body?

A

epiploic foramen, mesenteric rents, inguinal orifice, & umbilical orifice

37
Q

what is the classic case presentation of large colon displacement?

A

mild then progressive pain with progressive abdominal distension or recurrent bouts of colic & metabolic status is slow to deteriorate

38
Q

how is left dorsal colon displacement diagnosed?

A

can’t feel nephrosplenic space on palpation, on ultrasound, left kidney not visible & the spleen is displaced ventrally

39
Q

how is right dorsal colon displacement diagnosed?

A

may feel tight taenia coursing near base of the cecum, & on ultrasound, may see colonic mesenteric vessels coursing along right lateral body wall in an abnormal location

40
Q

how is left dorsal colon displacement treated?

A

phenylephrine to shrink spleen & lunge the horse, roll horse under GA, or surgical correction

41
Q

how is right dorsal colon displacement treated?

A

IV fluids, withhold feed, analgesics, & often, surgery if pain is progressive or metabolic status is deteriorating

42
Q

how is left dorsal colon displacement prevented? what about right dorsal displacement?

A

nephrosplenic ablation for LDD - unknown for RDD

43
Q

why is the large colon prone to excessive movement/displacement?

A

only attached to the body wall at the base of the cecum

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