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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Exotics Top Topics - Top 10 Reptile Diseases Part 2 > Flashcards

Exotics Top Topics - Top 10 Reptile Diseases Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the classic case presentation of cryptosporidiosis in reptiles?

A

mid-body swelling due to gastric mucosal/glandular hypertrophy

emaciation/loss of condition

regurgitation & diarrhea

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2
Q

what is the etiology of cryptosporidiosis?

A

cryptosporidium serpentes in snakes & c. saurophilum in lizards

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3
Q

how is cryptosporidiosis diagnosed?

A

fecal float, IFA/PCR on feces/regurgitated slime

contrast rads - thickening of gastric rugae

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4
Q

what is the prognosis of cryptosporidiosis in reptiles?

A

poor

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4
Q

how is cryptosporidiosis treated in reptiles?

A

supportive care only - hyperimmune bovine colostrum has shown good results in supportive care & prophylaxis

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5
Q

how is cryptosporidiosis disinfected in the environment?

A

clean with 5% ammonia solution & allow to dry for a minimum of 3 days

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6
Q

is cryptosporidiosis in reptiles zoonotic?

A

nope - reptile crypto doesn’t affected mammals

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7
Q

what is the classic case presentation of inclusion body disease in boas?

A

chronic - chronic weight loss, regurgitation, any secondary disease causing diarrhea, stomatitis, dermatitis, pneumonia, dysecdysis

slowly progressive over 1-2 years with progressive CNS signs (tremors, incoordination, depression) & death

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8
Q

what is the classic case presentation of inclusion body disease in pythons?

A

more acute & severe - stomatitis, pneumonia, acute neuro signs (head tilt, opisthotonus, absent righting reflex, tremors) leading to rapid death

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9
Q

what is the etiology of inclusion body disease?

A

arenavirus

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10
Q

what is seen on lab work for inclusion body disease?

A

leukocytosis (especially lymphocytosis) & normal chem panel, cytoplasmic inclusion bodies on blood smear

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11
Q

what is seen post-mortem in a snake with inclusion body disease?

A

intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in the liver, kidney, stomach, brain off of virus isolation

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12
Q

how is inclusion body disease diagnosed?

A

biopsy of esophageal tonsils

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13
Q

what is the treatment for inclusion body disease? what is the prognosis?

A

supportive care - prognosis is very poor

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14
Q

how does inclusion body disease spread?

A

body fluids from breeding/fighting/etc - snake mites (ophionyssus natricis) may be vectors

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15
Q

what disease should be ruled out in every sick boa?

A

inclusion body disease

16
Q

what is the classic case presentation of snake mites?

A

small black specks on or between scales especially gluttal folds & around eyes

snake spends a lot of time soaking to drown mites - anemia if high burden

17
Q

what is the etiology of snake mites? how is it diagnosed?

A

blood feeding ophionyssus natricis

close inspection of skin - scotch tape collection or rub reptile over white paper

18
Q

how are snake mites treated?

A

ivermectin/pyrethrins

thoroughly disinfection of enclosure

predatory mites (hypoaspis mites) feed on snake mites & can be used as treatment

19
Q

what is the prognosis for snake mites?

A

usually good but can be difficult to eradicate

20
Q

what other reptiles can carry snake mites?

A

lizards

21
Q

what is the classic case presentation of hypovitaminosis A?

A

young reptile (especially red eared slider) with swollen/closed eyes, may see discharge, dysecdysis, thickened lips, lethargy, depression, weight loss

22
Q

how is hypovitaminosis A diagnosed?

A

based on physical, dietary history, & response to treatment

23
Q

how is hypovitaminosis A treated?

A

avoid overdosing!!!! signs include anorexia, skin sloughing, & edema

feed carotene-rich foods

abx if secondary infection

24
Q

what is the prognosis of hypovitaminosis A?

A

can be good if caught in time

25
Q

what disease in turtles may be linked to hypovitaminosis A?

A

aural abscesses

26
Q

what zoonotic concern is important to remember when handling reptiles with hypovitaminosis A?

A

they carry salmonella!!!

27
Q

what is the classic case presentation of amoebiasis?

A

affects most snakes & lizards - lethargy, anorexia, dehydration, wasting, frank blood in feces due to ulcerative colitis, diarrhea, & death

28
Q

what is the etiology of amoebiasis?

A

entamoeba invadens

29
Q

how is amoebiasis diagnosed?

A

direct smear & float looking for cysts

30
Q

what is seen on necropsy from an animal with amoebiasis?

A

hepatic abscesses & ulceration of the gi tract

31
Q

how is amoebiasis treated?

A

metronidazole, fluids, & mucosal protectants

32
Q

T/F: entamoeba invadens can be normal gut flora in some turtle

A

true

33
Q

why not house snakes with turtles?

A

classic disease in mixed exhibits!!!! pathogenic in snakes (except cobras & eastern king snakes) giant tortoises, & some lizards

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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