Feline Top 20 Diseases - Part 1 Flashcards
what is the classic case presentation of a cat with FeLV?
kitten or young adult free-roaming cat, usually male, ADR, +/- thoracic/abdominal masses
what diagnostics are run for a possible FeLV+ cat?
CBC - leukopenia, neutropenia, fever, lymphadenopathy, rads, & screening tests - serum/plasma/whole blood ELISA SNAP test or immunochromatography - both in house
what is seen on rads of an FeLV+ cat?
thorax or abdominal lymphosarcoma-associated mass
how is a diagnosis of FeLV made?
IFA test at a referral lab
what treatment is used for FeLV+ cats?
supportive antibiotics, nutritional support, fluids, stress free environment, & keeping FeLV+ & negative cats separate
how is FeLV transmitted?
saliva exchange between adults (fighting, grooming, sharing food dishes), transplacental from infected queens (virus is shed in the saliva, nasal secretions, feces, milk, & urine)
what cats should be tested for FeLV?
any sick cat regardless of age!!! prior to adoption regardless of age!!! cats with an unknown viral status, & prior to vaccination if negative status
what is the vaccination site for FeLV?
left rear leg as distal as possible
what is the classic case presentation of FIV?
mature cat, usually an intact male that ives outdoors with prior bite wounds - gingivitis, stomatitis, ADR, fever, anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea, & malaise
what is seen on diagnostics of a cat with FIV?
CBC - anemia, leukopenia (especially neutropenia), thrombocytopenia screening test - serum ELISA
how is a diagnosis of FIV made?
western blot test at a reference lab
how is FIV treated?
supportive care - antibiotics, fluids, nutritional support, & good dental care
what is the prognosis of FIV?
good to excellent - most do well for years
how is FIV transmitted?
fighting/bite wounds, sexually - virus is shed in saliva
what is the classic case presentation of feline hyperthyroidism?
middle aged/older cat with weight loss, increased appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, murmur/tachycardia/arrhythmia, ypwling at night, palpable thyroid nodules that are usually bilateral, anxiety/agitation, & an unkempt hair coat
how is hyperthyroidism diagnosed in a cat?
screen with a total T4 & can do a free T4 in borderline cases - follow with thyroid scintigraphy, echo, & blood pressure
what is the gold standard treatment for feline hyperthyroidism?
iodine 131 - most cases cured with 1 dose
what medical therapy is used for feline hyperthyroidism?
methimazole - controls but doesn’t cure with many side effects & requires regular bloodwork, also iodine restricted diet
what surgical intervention can be done for feline hyperthyroidism?
thyroidectomy - risk of accidental parathyroid removal & life threatening hypocalcemia
what is the most common endocrine disorder in mature cats?
hyperthyroidism
T/F: hyperthyroidism doesn’t cause renal failure, but correction of the condition can reveal underlying kidney disease
TRUE
what is the classic case presentation of a cat with hepatic lipidosis?
overweight to obese cat with a several day history of anorexia (recent history of a stressful event), weight loss, jaundice, & ptyalism when HE is present
what is seen on a chemistry panel from a cat with hepatic lipidosis?
ALP higher than ALT, total bili increased, normal GGT if cholangitis is not a part of the inciting cause of anorexia
what diagnostics are run on a cat with hepatic lipidosis?
coag panel to look for coagulopathies, abdominal ultrasound, liver FNA or biospy required for a diagnosis but only done if coag testing is normal or after vitamin k supplementation
what treatment is key for hepatic lipidosis cats? what if hepatic encephalopathy is present?
nutritional suppory - esophagostomy tube preferred with a high protein, high quality diet, feed to dietary energy requirements, avoid steroids if HE - lactulose
what is the prognosis of hepatic lipidosis?
fair to excellent
T/F: hepatic lipidosis is never a primary condition
true
how long can recovery from hepatic lipidosis take?
8-16 weeks
what is the classic case presentation of a cat with chronic renal disease?
senior/geriatric cat with pu/pd, weight loss, vomiting, lethargy, hyporexia/anorexia, & small lumpy/bumpy kidneys on palpation
what is seen on diagnostics of a cat with chronic renal disease?
azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, increased SDMA, hyperkalemia, anemia, dilute/isosthenuric urine, high blood pressure, urine protein: creatinine ratio > 0.4 if proteinuria is a part of the disease process
how is a cat with renal disease treated?
supportive care - appetite stimulants, anti-emetics, H2 blockers, fluids, anti-hypertensive meds, & phosphorus binders nutrition - renal prescription diet increased fluids - SQ fluids & added water in diet
what is the prognosis for a cat with chronic renal disease?
poor to good depending on the severity, rate of progression, & concurrent illnesses
