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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Bovine Top Topics - Bovine Abortion Key Agents > Flashcards

Bovine Top Topics - Bovine Abortion Key Agents Flashcards

1
Q

when does brucellosis cause abortions in cattle?

A

second half of gestation - around 7 months

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2
Q

what is the difference in vaccines used to prevent brucellosis causing abortions in cattle?

A

RB51 does not cause antibody production & is used in calves while strain 19 CAUSES antibody production!!!!

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3
Q

T/F: brucellosis is a reportable disease & can cause abortion storms

A

TRUE

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4
Q

what testing is done to screen for brucellosis in cattle?

A

screening with brucella ring test or brucellosis card (rose bengal) test

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5
Q

what diseases does brucella cause in humans?

A

undulent fever

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6
Q

where are the areas where foothill abortion is only seen?

A

foothill regions of california, oregon, & nevada

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7
Q

when does foothill abortion cause cows to abort?

A

last trimester abortion storms in heifers or cows new to the area

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8
Q

what transmits foothill abortion?

A

soft ticks

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9
Q

what does a fetus that has been aborted due to foothill abortion look like?

A

petechiae & lymphadenopathy

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10
Q

T/F: cows affected by foothill abortion are usually resistant to future abortions

A

TRUE

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11
Q

when does abortion from leptospirosis occur in cattle?

A

last trimester

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12
Q

what does a fetus aborted due to leptospirosis look like? what serovar causes an icteric fetus?

A

usually autolyzed - icterus occurs with serovar pomona

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13
Q

what are the most common serovars of leptospirosis causing abortion in cattle?

A

hardjo, pomona, grippotyphosa, canicola, & icterohaemorrhagiae

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14
Q

how do you eliminate the renal carrier state of leptospirosis in cattle?

A

long acting oxytetracycline

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15
Q

T/F: leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease

A

TRUE

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16
Q

how is leptospirosis causing abortions in cattle prevented?

A

pentavalent bacterin vaccination every 6 months (usually doesn’t prevent hardjo)

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17
Q

what is the definitive host of neospora caninum? what is another important route of transmission of neosporosis causing abortion in cattle?

A

dog - vertical transmission is important

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18
Q

when does neosporosis usually cause a cow to abort?

A

mid to late gestation - usually between 4 & 6 months, endemic or epidemic

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19
Q

T/F: serology from a dam is highly specific for neosporosis as a cause of abortion

A

TRUE

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20
Q

what is the most common cause of abortion in dairy cattle?

A

neosporosis

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21
Q

when does listeriosis cause abortions in cattle?

A

sporadic - usually in last trimester, but can occur at any stage

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22
Q

what do dams with listeriosis causing abortion usually present with clinically?

A

often ill with fever & metritis but rarely with CNS signs

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23
Q

how do cows get listeriosis causing abortions?

A

ingestion of poorly preserved silage

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24
Q

what does the aborted fetus due to listeriosis look like?

A

usually substantial autolysis of fetus & retained placenta

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25
Q

T/F: listeriosis causing abortions in cattle is a zoonotic disease that is reportable in some states

A

TRUE

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26
Q

when does trueperella pyogenes cause abortions in cattle?

A

sporadic, may occur at any stage - dam is otherwise healthy

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27
Q

what is the most common bacterial cause of abortion in cattle?

A

trueperella pyogenes

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28
Q

how is trueperella pyogenes diagnosed as a cause of abortion in cattle?

A

diagnostic if bacteria is isolated from fetus or fetal membranes

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29
Q

what does an aborted fetus caused by trueperella pyogenes look like?

A

autolyzed fetus

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30
Q

T/F: mycoplasma can cause sporadic, usually last trimester, abortions in cattle

A

TRUE

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31
Q

what is the etiology of ureaplasma diversum?

A

frequently present in vagina & prepuce of cattle

32
Q

when does ureaplasma diversum cause abortion in cattle?

A

usually occurs in last trimester

33
Q

what is seen on the fetus/placenta from a cow affected by ureaplasma diversum?

A

fetus is not autolyzed - retained placenta & necrotic amnios

34
Q

what bacterial/protozoal causes are most often associated with abortion in cattle?

A

brucellosis, epizootic bovine abortion, leptospirosis, listeriosis, neosporosis, trueperlla pyogenes, ureaplasma diversum, & mycoplasma spp.

35
Q

what are the two main viral causes associated with bovine abortion?

A

BVDV & IBR (BHV-1)

36
Q

what signs may a cow have concurrently or up to 4 months prior to abortion with BVD?

A

upper respiratory signs

37
Q

when does a cow affected by BVDV have an abortion?

A

at any stage - may cause abnormalities in fetus or calf

38
Q

how do you diagnose a cow with BVDV causing an abortion?

A

PCR or fluorescent antibody

39
Q

how is BVDV associated abortion prevented?

A

vaccinate at 6 months of age & annually before breeding

40
Q

what clinical signs may be seen prior to abortion in a cow with IBR?

A

abortion storms 100 days after last clinical case of respiratory IBR usually during the second half of pregnancy but any time is possible

41
Q

when does IBR usually cause a cow to abort?

A

usually second half of pregnancy, but any time is possible

42
Q

how are IBR associated abortions prevented?

A

vaccinate pregnany cows with INTRANASAL MLV only

43
Q

why not use the IM modified live vaccine for IBR?

A

IM MLV may cause abortion

44
Q

between BVD & IBR associated abortions, which is increasing in incidence & which is decreasing?

A

BVDV is INCREASING & IBR is DECREASING

45
Q

what venereal diseases are known to cause abortions in cattle?

A

campylobacteriosis, chlamydiosis, & tritrichomoniasis

46
Q

what is the pathogenesis of campylobacter causing abortion in cattle?

A

causes infertility & embryonic death

47
Q

when does campylobacter cause cattle to abort?

A

occasional abortion at 4-8 months gestation

48
Q

how is campylobacter associated abortion diagnosed?

A

culture (difficult, use clark’s media), vaginal mucus agglutination test

49
Q

how is campylobacter associated abortion prevented/controlled?

A

vaccination helps eliminate bacteria (give bulls double dose) & control disease with artificial insemination

50
Q

when does chlamydiosis cause cattle to abort?

A

sporadic - usually near the end of the 3rd trimester

51
Q

T/F: chlamydiosis is a zoonotic disease that causes abortion in cattle

A

TRUE

52
Q

what clinical signs are associated with tritrichomoniasis causing abortions?

A

infertility & pyometra

53
Q

when does tritrichomoniasis cause a cow to abort?

A

early abortion - first half of pregnancy & retained placenta

54
Q

what animal serves as a carrier of tritrichomoniasis?

A

bulls

55
Q

how is tritrichomoniasis diagnosed in cattle? how is it treated?

A

culture of preputial wash or aspirate - treat with imidazoles

56
Q

T/F: tritrichomoniasis is reportable in some states

A

TRUE

57
Q

what are the main mycotic agents known to cause abortion in cattle?

A

aspergillus spp & mucor spp

58
Q

when does aspergillosis/mucor spp. cause cattle to abort?

A

sporadic abortion around 4 months gestation

59
Q

what is seen grossly that indicates a mycotic cause of abortion?

A

fungal placentitis & retained placenta

60
Q

what does an aborted fetus due to a mycotic cause look like?

A

fetus may be dehydrated & may have grayish/red, elevated skin lesions on head & shoulders

61
Q

how are mycotic abortions prevented?

A

avoid feeding moldy silage to pregnant cattle

62
Q

what are some examples of non-infectious causes of abortion in cattle?

A

genetic, heat, malnutrition, medications, plants, & toxins

63
Q

what are some examples of genetic causes of abortion in cattle?

A

lethal genes & genetic malformations of fetus (fetal monsters) usually aborted in late pregnancy

64
Q

how does heat cause cattle to abort?

A

most often due to pyrexia rather than environmental heat causing fetal hypotension, hypoxia, & fetal acidosis

65
Q

when does heat cause cattle to abort?

A

usually early term

66
Q

malnutrition associated with copper deficiency causes what clinical signs in cows that are at risk of aborting?

A

infertility & abortion - poor growth & loss of hair color

67
Q

malnutrition associated with vitamin A causes what clinical signs in cows?

A

abortion, weak calves, & retained placentas

68
Q

what drugs if inadvertently given can cause abortion in cattle?

A

dexamethasone, prostaglandins, & xylazine

69
Q

what is the toxic part of locoweed? why can it cause abortion in cattle?

A

astragalus or oxytropis - indolizidine alkaloid - causes abortion or birth deformities

70
Q

what are the side effects seen from a cow that ingests poison hemlock?

A

abortion & arthrogryposis

71
Q

desert shrub, if ingested by a pregnany cow, causes what?

A

abortion & retained placenta

72
Q

how do ponderosa pine needles cause abortion in cattle?

A

cows develop a taste preference over normal feed - abortion may occur if pine needles are ingested in the third trimester, abortion may be accompanied by profuse uterine hemorrhage - toxic principles are isocupressic acid & labdane resin

73
Q

how does sweet clover cause abortion in cattle?

A

contains dicumarol - dam shows signs of hemorrhage

74
Q

T/F: a dam with aflatoxicosis will present acutely ill & may abort her fetus

A

TRUE

75
Q

T/F: nitrates/nitrite poisoning is a controversial cause of abortion in cattle because there is a lack of proof that it actually causes cows to abort but is thought that it causes abortion when ingested at high levels in late gestation

A

TRUE

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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