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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Bovine Top 20 Diseases - Part 1 > Flashcards

Bovine Top 20 Diseases - Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the classic case presentation of bovine lymphosarcoma affecting the CNS?

A

paraplegia, tetraplegia, paraparesis, tetraparesis, head tilt, facial paralysis, & dysphagia

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2
Q

what is the classic case presentation of bovine lymphosarcoma affecting the gi system?

A

free gas bloat, bagal indigestion, palpably enlarged abdominal lymph nodes, melena, & thickened rectum

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3
Q

what is the classic case presentation of bovine lymphosarcoma affecting the lymph nodes?

A

lymphadenopathy, exophthalmos, & weight loss

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4
Q

what is the classic case presentation of bovine lymphosarcoma affecting the heart?

A

unexpected/sudden collapse, death, CHF, jugular pulse, distended jugular/mammary veins, arrhythmia, tachycardia, weak pulse, & subcutaneous edema

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5
Q

what is the etiology of bovine lymphosarcoma?

A

bovine leukemia virus - oncogenic retrovirus

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6
Q

how is bovine lymphosarcoma diagnosed?

A

lymph node biopsy, positive antibodies on ELISA?AGID to BLV or PCR/antigen capture using ELISA for BLV

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7
Q

what treatment is used for bovine lymphosarcoma?

A

no effective or legal treatment - d-penicillamine has been given to affected pregnant cattle to save a valuable calf but questionable!!!!

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8
Q

T/F: cattle affected with bovine lymphosarcoma will not pass inspection for slaughter

A

TRUE

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9
Q

in cows with BLV, what percentages are asymptomatic/symptomatic?

A

most are asymptomatic, 5-10% get lymphosarcoma, & 30% will have a persistent lymphocytosis

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10
Q

what are the 3 types of ketosis seen in cattle?

A

type I - thin cow up to 45 days post partum, type II - obese cows peripartum, & type III/silage type - too much silage at any stage of lactation

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11
Q

what is the most common case presentation of ketosis in a cow?

A

dairy cow 1-4 weeks post-partum with mild anorexia, low milk production, malodorous breath, pica/paresthesia, aggressive behavior, & mild proprioceptive deficits with hepatic failure

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12
Q

how is ketosis in a cow diagnosed?

A

measure beta-hydroxybutyric acid in blood (best), milk or urine, diagnostic is greater than 14.4 mg/dl in whole blood, look for acetoacetic acid in urine with dipstick, & thorough dental exam

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13
Q

how is type I ketosis in a cow treated?

A

simple/short term treatment: oral propylene glycol, IV dextrose, corticosteroids, oral potassium, & calcium salts

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14
Q

how is type II ketosis in a cow treated?

A

difficult/longer term treatment: transfaunate, force feed, IV dextrose, oral potassium, calcium salts, & insulin

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15
Q

how is silage type ketosis in a cow treated/prevented?

A

don’t feed silage with high concentration of butyric acid to pre & post-fresh partum cows!!!

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16
Q

what is the prognosis of type I ketosis?

A

excellent - prevent with low protein diet, maximize energy in early lactation, & monensin

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17
Q

what is the prognosis of type II ketosis in a cow?

A

poor prognosis - cull obese cows

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18
Q

why is ketosis economically impactful?

A

causes higher culling rates, more retained placentas, & decreased pregnancy rates/milk production in obese cows

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19
Q

what is the typical case presentation of a cow with BVD?

A

unvaccinated younger cow with acute diarrhea, nasal discharge, ptyalism, ocular discharge, oral ulcers, fever, anorexia, & coronitis

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20
Q

what happens with an in utero infection from BVD?

A

early embryonic death, cerebellar hypoplasia, developmental defects, & abortion

21
Q

what happens with a persistent infection from BVD?

A

cow becomes infected by a non-cytopathic strain of the virus between 40-120 days gestation or if calf is from a PI dam, the calf will be a PI calf and serve as a reservoir of disease - if infected later in life by a cytopathic strain, will get mucosal disease

22
Q

what happens with mucosal disease from BVD?

A

acute signs & fatal within 2-4 weeks

23
Q

what is the etiology of BVD?

A

bovine viral diarrheal virus - pestivirus

24
Q

how is BVD diagnosed?

A

ear notching for PI cattle with PCR or ELISA, virus isolation/histopath at necropsy, antigen-capture ELISA on blood/tissue, or PCR on milk

25
Q

how is BVD treated? how is it prevented?

A

no treatment - test & remove PI calves & vaccinate to prevent

26
Q

what is the prognosis for BVD?

A

grave except for subclinical disease in adult vaccinated cows

27
Q

T/F: BVD is a worldwide economically important pestivirus that is not zoonotic but is highly contagious

A

TRUE

28
Q

what is the classic case presentation of omphalitis?

A

fever with swollen, painful umbilicus and patent urachus +/- gi pain with secondary peritonitis

29
Q

what is the classic case presentation of septicemia?

A

calf less than 2 weeks old with fever, diarrhea, depression, & systemic compromise

30
Q

what is the classic case presentation of joint ill?

A

lameness with painful, swollen joints

31
Q

what is the classic case presentation of meningitis?

A

opisthotonus & hyperesthesia

32
Q

how is omphalitis diagnosed?

A

palpate & u/s of umbilical structures

33
Q

how is joint ill diagnosed?

A

ultrasound/rads of affected joint & aspirate/culture of joint fluid

34
Q

how is meningitis diagnosed?

A

CSF aspirate shows increased WBC counts & increased proteins

35
Q

how is omphalitis treated?

A

antibiotics, surgical removal for advanced cases

36
Q

how is joint ill treated?

A

antibiotics & lavage joints then instill antibiotics, analgesics, & NSAIDS

37
Q

how is meningitis & septicemia treated?

A

antibiotics & systemic supportive care, NSAIDS, & diazepam if seizures

38
Q

how can omphalitis, septicemia, joint ill, & meningitis be prevented?

A

make sure calves get a minimum of 500 grams IgG on first feedining & 4L colostrum by 2 hours of age & provide a clean calving environment

39
Q

why measure a total protein from a calf at 24 hours of age?

A

look to see if there was adequate colostrum intake, should be greater than 5.5 mg/dl

40
Q

what is the prognosis for omphalitis?

A

good

41
Q

what is the prognosis for joint ill?

A

depends - some joints are better than others

42
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cow with traumatic reticuloperitonitis?

A

cow over 2 months old with acute anorexia, agalactia, unwillingness to move, arched back, fever, & positive grunt test - +/- papple shape (pear on right & apple on left) and scant feces if secondary vagal indigestion

43
Q

what is a positive abdominal rebound test for a cow with suspected traumatic reticuloperitonitis?

A

abdomen is percussed while looking for splinting & violent responses

44
Q

how is traumatic reticuloperitonitis diagnosed?

A

positive withers grunt test, positive abdominal rebound test, abdominocentesis with purulent/serosanguineous fluid, cranial abdominal rads, or abdominal ultrasound

45
Q

T/F: for traumatic reticuloperitonitis, there are similar outcomes with both medical & surgical treatment with a better prognosis when treated early

A

TRUE

46
Q

what is the prognosis of traumatic reticuloperitonitis? what are some poor prognostic factors?

A

75% survival - poor prognosis associated with secondary vagal indigestion, diffuse peritonitis, & pericardial involvement

47
Q

what medical treatment is used for traumatic reticuloperitonitis?

A

magnet, laxatives, antibiotics, & analgesics

48
Q

what surgical treatment is used for traumatic reticuloperitonitis?

A

rumenotomy, antibiotics, & magnet

49
Q

how is traumatic reticuloperitonitis prevented?

A

one magnet per cow given at 400-600 pounds weight will prevent almost all cases

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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