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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Equine Flash Notes - Lameness Review > Flashcards

Equine Flash Notes - Lameness Review Flashcards

1
Q

what is the number one site of lameness in horses & should be eliminated as a cause first?

A

foot

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2
Q

where are most lameness in the hindlimbs?

A

most below proximal tarsus - hock&raquo_space;> stifle

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3
Q

why do most lamenesses in horses occur in the forelimbs?

A

forelimbs carry 60% of weight with most injuries

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4
Q

what does pointing of a forelimb in a lame horse mean?

A

resting a limb may indicate problems in that limb

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5
Q

T/F: it is normal for a horse to shift weight in its hindlimbs

A

true

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6
Q

what are the most common congenital causes of lameness in neonatal foals?

A

angular limb deformities, flexural deformities, rupture of common digital extensor, & cuboidal bone anomalies

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7
Q

what are the most common congenital causes of lameness in foals?

A

hematogenous septic arthritis, sesamoid fx, acquired angular limb deformities, physeal dysplasia, physeal fx, weak flexor tendons, & OCD

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8
Q

what are the most common congenital causes of lameness in yearlings?

A

sesamoid fx, OCD (fetlock, tarsus, & stifle), & physeal dysplasia

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9
Q

what are the most common congenital causes of lameness in 2-year-old horses in race training?

A

bucked shins!!!!!

splints, bowed tendons, carpal fx, & OCD

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10
Q

what are the most common congenital causes of lameness in old horses?

A

ossification of fat/cartilage & degenerative joint disease

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11
Q

what are the most common congenital causes of lameness in adult horses?

A

navicular disease, bone spavin, OA, carpal fx, splint bone fx, bowed tendons, traumatic septic arthritis, sesamoiditis, cortical fractures at MCIII, & idiopathic tenosynovitis

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12
Q

T/F: in horses, foot conformation is more important than limb conformation

A

true

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13
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

base-narrow - distance between feet is less than the distance between the origin

ddx - articular windpuffs in fetlock, lateral sidebone, lateral ringbone & lateral heel bruises

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14
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

base wide - distance between the feet is greater than the distance of the origin of the limbs

ddx - fetlock problems, medial sidebone, medial ringbone, & winging

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15
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

pigeon toed/toed in - toes point in

ddx - congenital defect that may accompany crooked limbs & paddling

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16
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

knocked knees/carpal valgus - lateral deviation distal to carpus

ddx - stress on medial collateral ligament in the carpus or angular limb deformity

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17
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

splay-footed/toed out - toes point away from each other

ddx - congenital problem with twisting of limb or winging

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18
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

bow legs/carpal varus - medial deviation distal to the carpus

ddx - increased stress on lateral collateral ligament & angular limb deformity

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19
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

open knees - irregular carpal profile (side view), carpal joints appear not to be closed in young horses (1-3 years) that improves with age

ddx - physeal dysplasia (physitis) & carpal problems

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20
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

benched knees/offset knees - lateral deviation of the metacarpal bones from the front view

medial splints

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21
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

tied in knees - flexor tendons appear too close to the cannon bone in the lateral view

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22
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

cut out under the knees - dorsal surface of cannon bone appears cut out just below the carpus at the lateral view

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23
Q

what is this stance called in horses? what may cause it?

A

standing under in front - elbow & distal limb behind line dropped from tuber spinae

shortened stride, stress on limb, & tendency to stumble

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24
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

camped in front - elbow & distal limb in front of line dropped from tuber spinae

may be due to compensation to alleviate pain due to navicular disease or laminitis

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25
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

base narrow - distance between feet is less than the center of the thighs

interference if good conformation in the front & strains to lateral structures of limb

26
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

base wide - distance between feet is greater than distance between center of thighs

most common form is cow hocked!!

27
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

cow hocked/tarsus valgus - medial deviation of hock joints, base narrow to hock & base wide from hock to hoof

bone spavin & may be accompanied by sickle hock

28
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

sickle hock/curby conformation - excessive angulation of hock joints at the lateral view

curb - strain on plantar aspect of hock

29
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

straight behind - excessively straight limbs at the lateral view

bog spavin & upward fixation of the patella

30
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

standing under behind - entire limb too far forward

31
Q

what conformation defect is shown in this photo? what can cause it?

A

camped behind - entire limb placed too far caudally

32
Q

what foot conformational defect is shown here? what can happen with it?

A

broken hoof pastern axes - low heel & long toe

heel bruising, navicular disease, hoof cracks, & interference

33
Q

what foot conformational defect is shown here? what can happen with it?

A

coon footed - steep foot angle, low pastern angle

extensor process pedal bone, DJD of coffin joint, & pedal osteitis

34
Q

what foot conformational defect is shown here? what can happen with it?

A

hoof imbalance - medial & lateral walls at unequal lengths

osselets (fetlock), ringbone (pastern), navicular disease, hoof cracks, & sheared heel

35
Q

what foot conformational defect is shown here? what can happen with it?

A

long sloping pasterns - pastern bone long & pastern bone angle is normal/abnormal

tenosynovitis of the flexor tendons or sesamoiditis/sesamoid fractures, & desmitis of the suspensory ligament

36
Q

what foot conformational defect is shown here? what can happen with it?

A

long upright pasterns - pastern too long & angle too steep

restoring the normal hoof angle results in a broken foot/pastern axis putting even more stress on the navicular bone

37
Q

what are lamenesses are racehorses (thoroughbreds & quart horses) predisposed to?

A

carpal fractures, fetlock joint injuries, injuries to the suspensory ligaments/muscle tendons, sesamoid bone injuries, navicular disease, hock injuries, & foot injuries

38
Q

what are lamenesses are hunter-jumpers predisposed to?

A

sacroiliac problems, back problems, desmitis of distal sesamoidean ligaments, & rupture of distal sesamoidean ligaments

39
Q

what are lamenesses are steeple chasers predisposed to?

A

desmitis of distal sesamoidean ligament, fractures, sacroiliac subluxation, & back problems

40
Q

what are lamenesses are standardbreds (trotters & pacers) predisposed to?

A

gluteal myositis, exertional myopathies, hock lameness, back soreness, carpal fractures, splints, tendinitis, back problems, & subluxation of sacroiliac joints

41
Q

what are the very common foot conditions causing lameness in horses? what are the second most common?

A

very common - broken forward, bruised sole, hoof imbalance, laminitis, navicular disease, puncture wounds of foot, run under heels, & subsolar abscesses

common - abscesses of white line, brittle feet, conformational defects, contracted heels, coronary band injuries, hoof cracks, hoof lacerations, limb contracture, nail prick, pedal osteitis, synovitis of DIP joint, thrush, & traumatic heel wounds

42
Q

what does heat in the coronary band indicate in horses?

A

laminitis

43
Q

if a horse has diffuse sole sensitivity with hoof testers, what differentials should be considered?

A

laminitis, sagittal fx of distal phalanx, diffuse pododermatitis, & diffuse pedal osteitis

44
Q

if a horse has localized sensitivity with hoof testers, what differentials should be considered?

A

sole bruises, corns, non-articular fx of distal phalanx, gravel, subsolar abscesses, puncture wounds, nail prick, heel crack

45
Q

if a horse has sensitivity of the central frog with hoof testers, what differentials should be considered?

A

navicular disease, navicular bone fracture, navicular bursa infection, sheared heels, & puncture/abscess of frog

46
Q

what are the most common lameness conditions in the pastern? what are the second most common?

A

sprains & synovitis

second most common - DJD, pastern dermatitis, septic tenosynovitis, & tendon laceration

47
Q

what are the most common lameness conditions in the fetlock? what are the second most common?

A

arthritis (osselets), sprains, & synovitis

desmitis of the suspensory ligament branches, windpuffs, MC3 fx, proximal phalanx fx, suspensory apparatus rupture, sesamoid fx, & sesamoiditis

48
Q

what are the most common lameness conditions in the metacarpus/metatarsus? what are the second most common?

A

bowed tendons, bucked shins, splints (exotosis of MC2 & MC4), & stocking up

acute tenosynovitis, cellulitis, windpuffs, laceration of tendon sheath, osteomyelitis, splint fx, & suspensory desmitis

49
Q

what are the most common lameness conditions in the carpus? what are the second most common?

A

synovitis!!!!

carpal valgus, chip fx, hygroma, OA, physitis, septic arthritis, slab fx, & soft tissue damage

50
Q

what are the most common lameness conditions in the forearm & arm?

A

capped elbow, humeral fx, radial nerve paralysis, & ulnar fx

51
Q

T/F: chronic lameness in the hindlimb of horses is usually due to structures above the foot

A

true

52
Q

what structures are most commonly involved in causing hindlimb lameness in horses?

A

hock is most common!!!

hip is least common

53
Q

what is bog spavin?

A

fluid distension of the tarsocrural joint due to synovitis

54
Q

what is bone spavin?

A

DJD of the distal intertarsal & tarsometatarsal joints

55
Q

what is thoroughpin?

A

swelling due to synovitis or tenosynovitis of the tarsal sheath & tendon of the DDF at the tarsus

56
Q

how do you differentiate thoroughpin from bog spavin?

A

distension doesn’t move to other parts of the hock by compression in thoroughpin

distension moves to other pouches with bog spavin

57
Q

what is curb?

A

swelling at the plantar aspect of the calcaneus due to inflammation of the long plantar ligament

58
Q

what is a capped hock?

A

swelling of the subcutaneous bursa over the point of the hock

59
Q

what are the most common lameness conditions in the tarsus?

A

desmitis of long plantar ligament (curb), capped hock (hygroma), bog spavin, bone spavin, osteochondrosis, & sprains

60
Q

what are the most common lameness conditions in the stifle?

A

collateral ligament sprain, DJD, gonitis (stifle lameness), infectious arthritis, OCD, soft tissue damage, & upward fixation of the patella

61
Q

what are the most common lameness conditions in the thigh/hip/pelvis?

A

muscle strains & rhabdomyolysis

62
Q

what are the most common lameness conditions in the back?

A

ill fitting saddle/poor riding, skin lesions, & temperament

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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