Cross Species - Cranial Nerves Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the name & function of cranial nerve I?

A

olfactory nerve - smell

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2
Q

what is the name & function of cranial nerve II?

A

optic nerve - vision, afferent fibers to the brain

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3
Q

what is the name & function of cranial nerve III?

A

oculomotor nerve -

motor to the iris - parasympathetic fibers cause constriction

motor to most muscles of the eye - except for those innervated by CN IV/CN VI

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4
Q

what is the name & function of cranial nerve IV?

A

trochlear nerve - motor to the dorsal oblique muscles of the eye

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5
Q

what is the name & function of cranial nerve V?

A

trigeminal nerve - all 3 branches provide sensation to the face/oral cavity/corneal surface of the eye/ear

mandibular & maxillary branches - motor to the muscles of mastication

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6
Q

what is the name & function of cranial nerve VI?

A

abducens nerve - motor to the lateral rectus & retractor bulbi muscles of the eye

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7
Q

what is the name & function of cranial nerve VII?

A

facial nerve

motor to the muscles of facial expression

taste on the rostral 2/3 of the tongue & sensation of the concave pinna

parasympathetic fibers to the nasal glands, lacrimal glands, mandibular salivary glands, & sublingual salivary gland

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8
Q

what is the name & function of cranial nerve VIII?

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

vestibular part - balance, posture, equilibrium, & muscle tone

cochlear part - hearing

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9
Q

what is the name & function of cranial nerve IX?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

sensory & motor to the pharynx & larynx

taste on the caudal 1/3 of the tongue

parotid & zygomatic salivary glands

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10
Q

what is the name & function of cranial nerve X?

A

vagus nerve

sensory & motor to pharynx & larynx

sensation of the external ear canal

sensory & motor to the thoracic/gastrointestinal viscera

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11
Q

what is the name & function of cranial nerve XI?

A

accessory nerve

motor to the trapezius, sternocephalic, & brachiocephalic muscles

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12
Q

what is the name & function of cranial nerve XII?

A

hypoglossal nerve

motor to the tongue, sternohyoideus, & sternothyroideus muscles

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13
Q

how is cranial nerve I tested?

A

may test by noting animal’s response to treats or certain chemicals

difficult to asses

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14
Q

what are the ways in which you can test the function of cranial nerve II?

A

PLR test

menace response

visual tests - obstacle courses, tracking objects with the eyes

nerve fibers decussate at the optic chiasm (amount varies by species)

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15
Q

what are the ways in which you can test the function of cranial nerve III? what will you see with damage/abnormality?

A

PLR

if abnormal, look for the presence of ptosis of ventrolateral strabismus

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16
Q

what are the ways in which you can test the function of cranial nerve IV? what will you see with damage/abnormality?

A

really only going to look for injury causing lateral rotation of the globe

17
Q

what are the ways in which you can test the function of cranial nerve V? what will you see with damage/abnormality?

A

palpebral reflex

palpate the nasal mucosa or auricular lining & look for a reaction

if mandibular or maxillary branch is damaged - atrophied muscles of mastication

18
Q

what are the ways in which you can test the function of cranial nerve VI? what will you see with damage/abnormality?

A

corneal reflex - looking for retraction of the globe & prolapse of nictitans while keeping the eyelids open

with injury - medial strabismus

19
Q

what are the ways in which you can test the function of cranial nerve VII? what will you see with damage/abnormality?

A

menace response

palpebral reflex

tickle ear/nose & watch for a reaction

test parasympathetic function with the schirmer tear test

classic abnormal appearance - unilateral droopy lip/ear/eye, & dry eye

20
Q

what are the ways in which you can test the function of cranial nerve VIII? what will you see with damage/abnormality?

A

vestibular - with unilateral injury, see a head tilt towards the lesion, circling/falling towards the lesion, spontaneous nystagmus with the fast phase away from the lesion, & ventral strabismus when the nose is elevated

cochlear part - brainstem auditory evoked response or assessing response to loud sounds

21
Q

what are the ways in which you can test the function of cranial nerve IX? what will you see with damage/abnormality?

A

difficult to assess separately apart from CN X

damage causes dysphagia

22
Q

what are the ways in which you can test the function of cranial nerve X? what will you see with damage/abnormality?

A

look for dysphagia, laryngeal paralysis, & dysphonia

in ruminants - vagal indigestion

23
Q

what are the ways in which you can test the function of cranial nerve XI? what will you see with damage/abnormality?

A

atrophy of the trapezius, sternocephalicus, & brachiocephalicus muscles

24
Q

what are the ways in which you can test the function of cranial nerve XII? what will you see with damage/abnormality?

A

look for atrophy, weakness, or deviation of the tongue

25
Q

what are the 3 branches of major importance of cranial nerve V?

A

mandibular, ophthalmic, & maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve

26
Q

what cranial nerves are tested by the PLR?

A

CN II is afferent

CN III is efferent - when looking at the oculomotor nerve, the efferent aspect of CN III is parasympathetic

27
Q

what cranial nerves are tested by the menace response?

A

CN II is afferent

CN VII is efferent

28
Q

what cranial nerves are tested in the palpebral reflex?

A

CN V is afferent

CN VII is efferent

29
Q

what cranial nerves are tested in the corneal reflex?

A

CN V is afferent

CN VI is efferent

30
Q

what cranial nerve is assessed by the schirmer tear test?

A

parasympathetic part of cranial nerve VII

31
Q

what two muscles of the eye are not innervated by cranial nerve III? what cranial nerves innervate them?

A

dorsal oblique muscle - trochlear, cranial nerve IV

lateral rectus & retractor bulbi muscles - abducens, cranial nerve VI