Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Cross Species - Red Blood Cell Parameters > Flashcards

Cross Species - Red Blood Cell Parameters Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 cell types evaluated on a CBC? what does it provide information on?

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, & platelets - info on production, structure, & function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is hematopoiesis?

A

blood cell production that occurs primarily in the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the bone marrow contain which produce cells? what are the precursors?

A

progenitor/stem cells & mesenchymal stromal cells that secrete cytokines to control stem cell differentiation - myeloid precursors for WBC, erythroid precursors for RBC, & megakaryocytes for platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why is it important that hematopoietic stem cells are multipotent?

A

they can self-renew & can differentiate into all cell types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what causes red blood cell production?

A

erythropoietin is released from the kidneys in response to tissue hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is seen on a CBC in an animal with a lack of erythropoietin?

A

non-regenerative anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the exception to circulating nucleated red blood cells?

A

snakes, fish, amphibians, & birds all have circulating nucleated red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how do you differentiate between immature & mature RBC?

A

immature red blood cells, rubricytes, have a nucleus while mature RBC don’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the last red blood cell stage prior to a mature RBC? what do they look like?

A

reticulocytes - no nucleus, but they contain RNA that can be seen with a special stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the purpose of counting reticulocytes on a CBC?

A

to assess the bone marrow response to anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F: you can count reticulocytes from a horse CBC to assess their anemia

A

false - reticulocytes are not present in horses!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: red blood cells are very susceptible to oxidative damage

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are heinz bodies?

A

RBC containing oxidized precipitated hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the big causes of oxidative damage to RBC?

A

toxins - acetaminophen in cats, red maple leaf toxicity in horses, & alium species in onions & disease - feline hepatic lipidosis, systemic inflammation, & neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the lifespan of RBC in cats?

A

2 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the lifespan of RBC in dogs?

A

3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the lifespan of RBC in cows & horses?

A

about 5 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how are RBC removed from circulation?

A

splenic macrophages remove them, iron is recycled & used again in bone marrow - poryphrin produced by heme breakdown is excreted via a bilirubin pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does it mean if hemoglobinemia is seen in circulation?

A

indicates RBC rupture is occuring within the vasculature - intravascular hemolysis, clinically correlates with babesiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does extravascular hemolysis cause?

A

bilirubinemia (pre-hepatic icterus) from increased production of bilirubin precursos (canine IMHA & equine infectious anemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F: hematocrit & PCV are not the same

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how is HCT calculated?

A

HCT = (MCV x RBC)/10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how is PCV measured?

A

directly measured from centrifuged microhematocrit tube & then interpreted in conjunction with total solids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how are total solids measured?

A

measurement of plasma protein using a refractometer

25
Q

what is the buffy coat?

A

layer of WBC & platelets on top of the RBC

26
Q

what does a spurious increase in HCT/PCV indicate?

A

insufficient centrifugation or cell swelling with storage for HCT

27
Q

what are the main causes of a pathologic increase in HCT & PCV?

A

dehydration is most common, splenic contraction, epinephrine release in horses, & polycythemia

28
Q

what is polycythemia?

A

primary myeloproliferative disease such as polycythemia vera or secondary polycythemia due to increased erythropoetin production (congenital heart disease causing left to right shunting)

29
Q

what does a spurious decrease in HCT or PCV indicate?

A

in vitro hemolysis or underfilled EDTA tube causing sample dilution

30
Q

what are the 3 mechanisms of true anemia?

A

RBC breakdown, RBC loss, & lack of production

31
Q

what is an example of a disease causing break down of RBC resulting in anemia?

A

IMHA in dogs

32
Q

what is an example of a disease causing blood loss of RBC resulting in anemia?

A

external - trauma, guttural pouch mycosis & internal/occult - gi losses, renal losses, & body cavity bleed

33
Q

what is an example of a disease causing decreased production of RBC resulting in anemia?

A

neoplasia & toxin-mediated bone marrow suppression

34
Q

what is an example of an iatrogenic cause of anemia?

A

over hydration

35
Q

what parameters are related to hemoglobin on a CBC?

A

mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) & mean cell HGB concentration (MCHC)

36
Q

hemoblobin can be estimated based off of HCT how?

A

1/3 of hematocrit

37
Q

what are some causes of a spurious increases in hematocrit?

A

lipemia, heinz bodies, & high numbers of nRBC

38
Q

how is MCH calculated?

A

HGB/RBC - detects the average amount of HGB in cells, but rarely used because it is affected by cell size, so the result is difficult to interpret

39
Q

how is MCHC calculated? what does it represent?

A

(HGB/HCT) X 100 - average RBC hemoglobin concentration, calculation accounts for cell size because HCT = RBC X MCV

40
Q

T/F: an increase in MCHC is ALWAYS spurious

A

TRUE

41
Q

why are increases in MCHC always spurious? what are some examples of causes?

A

RBC cannot contain increased hemoglobin!!!! causes include lipemia, hemolysis, many rRBC, & agglutination

42
Q

what are causes of decreased MCHC?

A

regenerative anemia & iron deficiency anemia - immature RBC contain less hemoglobin!!!

43
Q

what are some spurious causes of increased MCV?

A

agglutination & excessive blood storage time

44
Q

what does an increase in MCV mean?

A

macrocytosis is present

45
Q

how is MCV calculated? what does it represent?

A

(PCV/RBC) X 10 - measure of RBC volume

46
Q

what are some pathologic causes of an increased MCV?

A

regenerative anemia, RBC swelling due to membrane abnormalities, folate deficiency, B12 deficiency, & myelodysplasia (cats with FeLV)

47
Q

what breed is associated with a physiologic cause of a decreased MCV?

A

akita

48
Q

what is an example of a physiologic cause of a decreased MCV?

A

young animals - puppies & kittens less than 16 weeks old & calves & foals less than 2 months old

49
Q

what is an example of a pathologic cause of a decreased MCV?

A

iron deficiency - chronic external blood loss (gi bleeding) or insufficient intake (piglets)

50
Q

what is RDW?

A

measures the variation in RBC volume (anisocytosis)

51
Q

what does an increase in RDW indicate?

A

more variation in RBC size/volume - seen with anemia due to larger immature RBC if regenerative or smaller/older RBC if non-regenerative

52
Q

what special stain is required for a reticulocyte count?

A

methylene blue

53
Q

how long does a regenerative anemia take to see on a CBC?

A

3-5 days

54
Q

what does a higher count of reticulocytes indicate?

A

there is a regenerative anemia

55
Q

T/F: it is difficult to assess if an anemia is regenerative or non-regenerative in a horse without a bone marrow aspirate

A

TRUE

56
Q

when do you need to manually count WBC when considering nRBC?

A

if greater than 5/100 WBC - analyzers count the nRBC as WBC!!

57
Q

when may you see an increase in nRBC?

A

regenerative anemia, bone marrow injury, dogs with heat stroke, lead poisoning, & splenic hemangiosarcoma

58
Q

why do you need to do a microscopic slide for RBC?

A

analyzers won’t tell you anything on changes in RBC morphology

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions