Flash Notes Miscellaneous - Wound Classification

Question 1

what are some examples of closed wounds?

Answer 1

contusions & crush injuries

Question 2

what are some examples of open wounds?

Answer 2

abrasions, avulsions, incisions, lacerations, & punctures

Question 3

what is included in a clean wound?

Answer 3

minimally traumatized tissue with bacterial exposure aseptically controlled (surgical incisions)

Question 4

what is included in a clean contaminated wound?

Answer 4

can be effectively cleaned by lavage & debridement - potential to heal by primary intention is related to the bacterial numbers in the wound

Question 5

what is included in a contaminated wound?

Answer 5

grossly contaminated wound with foreign debris

Question 6

what is included in a dirty/infected wound?

Answer 6

contaminated wound with existing infection - after 12 hours, all wounds are considered to be infected

Question 7

what is a contusion?

Answer 7

bruise

Question 8

what is an abrasion?

Answer 8

superficial loss of the epidermis & part of the dermis usually caused by blunt trauma or shearing forces

Question 9

what is an avulsion?

Answer 9

tearing of the tissue from its attachment resulting in a skin flap usually caused by blunt trauma or shearing forces greater than those that cause abrasions & usually debris is impregnated into these

Question 10

what is a degloving injury?

Answer 10

avulsion of the skin usually on the limbs

Question 11

what is a laceration?

Answer 11

irregular wound through the skin & underlying tissues due to tearing

Question 12

what is an incision?

Answer 12

wound caused by a sharp object

Question 13

what are the different stages of wound healing?

Answer 13

inflammation, debridement, repair/fibrous changes, & remodeling

Question 14

what is the inflammation stage of wound healing?

Answer 14

first stage of wound healing that shows little increase in wound strength in the first 3-5 days of healing (lag phase) where vessels constrict to limit bleeding & a clot forms

Question 15

what is the debridement phase of wound healing?

Answer 15

begins within 6 hours of the injury - WBC debride the wound by removing bacteria, necrotic material, & foreign material

Question 16

what is the repair phase of wound healing?

Answer 16

going strong within 3 days of the injury - see wound contraction & epithelialization

Question 17

what is the remodeling phase of wound healing?

Answer 17

rearranging of collagen fibers to strengthen the scar - scare becomes paler as the number of capillaries decrease - even when at full strength, a scar is 15-20% weaker than normal adjacent tissue

Question 18

what do fibroblasts do for wound healing?

Answer 18

cells that lay down collagen fibers that mature to form a scar increasing the strength of a wound

Question 19

when does wound contraction occur?

Answer 19

begins around days 5-9 as granulation tissue contracts & works to pull margins together

Question 20

what are some factors that delay wound healing?

Answer 20

old age, poor BCS, debilitating disease, cushings or steroid treatment, excessive movement, tight bandages, foreign materials in wound, & wound infection stops healing