Flash Notes Miscellaneous - Wound Classification Flashcards
what are some examples of closed wounds?
contusions & crush injuries
what are some examples of open wounds?
abrasions, avulsions, incisions, lacerations, & punctures
what is included in a clean wound?
minimally traumatized tissue with bacterial exposure aseptically controlled (surgical incisions)
what is included in a clean contaminated wound?
can be effectively cleaned by lavage & debridement - potential to heal by primary intention is related to the bacterial numbers in the wound
what is included in a contaminated wound?
grossly contaminated wound with foreign debris
what is included in a dirty/infected wound?
contaminated wound with existing infection - after 12 hours, all wounds are considered to be infected
what is a contusion?
bruise
what is an abrasion?
superficial loss of the epidermis & part of the dermis usually caused by blunt trauma or shearing forces
what is an avulsion?
tearing of the tissue from its attachment resulting in a skin flap usually caused by blunt trauma or shearing forces greater than those that cause abrasions & usually debris is impregnated into these
what is a degloving injury?
avulsion of the skin usually on the limbs
what is a laceration?
irregular wound through the skin & underlying tissues due to tearing
what is an incision?
wound caused by a sharp object
what are the different stages of wound healing?
inflammation, debridement, repair/fibrous changes, & remodeling
what is the inflammation stage of wound healing?
first stage of wound healing that shows little increase in wound strength in the first 3-5 days of healing (lag phase) where vessels constrict to limit bleeding & a clot forms
what is the debridement phase of wound healing?
begins within 6 hours of the injury - WBC debride the wound by removing bacteria, necrotic material, & foreign material
what is the repair phase of wound healing?
going strong within 3 days of the injury - see wound contraction & epithelialization
what is the remodeling phase of wound healing?
rearranging of collagen fibers to strengthen the scar - scare becomes paler as the number of capillaries decrease - even when at full strength, a scar is 15-20% weaker than normal adjacent tissue
what do fibroblasts do for wound healing?
cells that lay down collagen fibers that mature to form a scar increasing the strength of a wound
when does wound contraction occur?
begins around days 5-9 as granulation tissue contracts & works to pull margins together
what are some factors that delay wound healing?
old age, poor BCS, debilitating disease, cushings or steroid treatment, excessive movement, tight bandages, foreign materials in wound, & wound infection stops healing
