Porcine Top Diarrhea - Part 1 Flashcards
what are the 6 most common causes of diarrhea in neonatal pigs that are 0-3 weeks in age?
clostridium perfringens type c, clostridium perfringens type a, e coli, rotavirus, clostrioides difficle, & coccidiosis
T/F: when treating neonatal pigs for diarrhea, antimicrobials may work but prevention is more effective
TRUE
what vaccines are available for neonatal diarrhea causes in piglets?
vaccines available for clostridium perfringens type c, e. coli, & rotavirus
how can you boost immunity in sows & gilts when they arrive at the farm & before farrowing?
expose them to the farrowing room feces when they arrive & before they farrow
what three diseases have an age of onset of 0-3 days of age in diarrhea in piglets?
clostridium perfringens type c, clostridium perfringens type a, & e. coli
what gross lesions are seen on necropsy in piglets with clostridium perfringens type c?
hemorrhagic small intestines
what gross lesions are seen on necropsy in piglets with clostridium perfringens type a?
flaccid, thin walled gas-filled small intestines
what gross lesions are seen on necropsy in piglets with e coli?
dilated small intestine + congestion of wall
what microscopic lesions are seen on necropsy in piglets with clostridium perfringens type c?
necrotic crypt epithelium
what microscopic lesions are seen on necropsy in piglets with clostridium perfringens type a?
villous type necrosis
what microscopic lesions are seen on necropsy in piglets with e coli?
mild villous atrophy
what does the diarrhea look like in piglets affected by clostridium perfringens type c?
bloody
what does the diarrhea look like in piglets affected by clostridium perfringens type a?
creamy to watery, yellow or white
what does the diarrhea look like in piglets affected by e coli?
clear to creamy, white to brown, mild to profuse, & alkaline pH
what is the age of onset of rotavirus in piglets?
0-20 days
what is the age of onset of clostridioides difficile in piglets?
0-7 days
what is the age of onset of isospora suis (coccidiosis) in piglets?
7-11 days
what does the diarrhea look like in piglets affected by rotavirus?
watery to creamy, yellow to white, & acidic pH
what does the diarrhea look like in piglets affected by clostridioides difficile?
yellow & watery
what gross lesions are seen on necropsy in piglets with rotavirus?
thin walled, flaccid small intestines
what gross lesions are seen on necropsy in piglets with clostridioides difficile?
mesocolonic edema, large intestine contains watery content
what microscopic lesions are seen on necropsy in piglets with rotavirus?
villous blunting & atrophy
what microscopic lesions are seen on necropsy in piglets with clostridioides difficile?
focal suppuration in the colonic lamina propria
what is split suckling?
only allowing half of the litter to nurse at a time to ensure you are maximizing colostrum intake
when are piglets usually weaned? what is the risk at this time?
weaned around 3 weeks of age - stressful time for pigs when transitioning diets, can predispose them to gi disease
what is the agent that causes post-weaning diarrhea?
enterotoxigenic e coli - must have one or more toxins that cause severe secretory diarrhea & must have an adhesin for attachment to cause diarrhea
what are the two adhesins involved in post-weaning diarrhea? what do they cause?
F18: associated with edema disease, severe profuse watery diarrhea with neurologic signs, & sudden death & K88: post-weaning diarrhea, mild to moderate diarrhea, dehydration, & lethargy
how is post-weaning diarrhea treated?
antimicrobials in the water can help, but prevention is more effective - preventative measures include piglet vaccines & improved hygiene (clean & dry nursery rooms)
what adhesin is associated with causing edema disease in piglets?
F18
what gross lesions are seen on necropsy in piglets with edema disease?
edema in ALL BODY TISSUES
what gross lesions are seen on necropsy in piglets with post-weaning diarrhea?
dilated small intestines
what should the temperature under heat lambs be for neonatal piglets?
95°F
