Feline Top 20 Diseases - Part 4 Flashcards
what is the classic case presentation of a cat with HCM?
often asymptomatic - but, systolic murmur or gallop sound, signs of CHF (tachypnea, open mouth breathing), signs of ATE (cyanotic nail beds, loss of pulses, & paraplegia), & sudden death
what cat breeds have a genetic predisposition to developing HCM?
maine coons & ragdolls - signs can present as early as 4 months
what is seen on thoracic rads of a cat with HCM?
normal or cardiomegaly, dilated left atrium (valentine shape on VD view), pulmonary edema/congestion, & pleural effusion
what is seen on echo of a cat with HCM?
on m mode - atrial dilation, left ventricular thickening that is 6mm or greater, papillary muscle hypertrophy, systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in obstructive cardiomyopathy
what acute treatment is used for a cat with CHF due to HCM?
supplemental O2, thoracocentesis if needed, furosemide/nitroglycerine, & avoid fluids & beta blockers unless tachyarrhythmia is present
what chronic treatment is used for a cat with HCM?
beta blocker (atenolol) started at a low dose, furosemide, clopidogrel, & potassium supplementation if hypokalemia is present
what are common triggers for CHF in previously compensated cats with HCM?
iv fluids, corticosteroids, or recent anesthesia
what is the classic case presentation of a cat with ear mites?
usually a kitten with head shaking, pruritus, erythematous ears with dark brown debris, papules on rump/tail/neck, & present ear-pedal reflex (scratches with pelvic limb when ear is rubbed)
what is the etiology of ear mites in cats?
otodectes cyanotis
how are ear mites diagnosed in cats?
otoscopy seeing live mites & inflammation & cytology of ear swab in mineral oil
how are ear mites in cats treated?
removing the mites from the ears, miticidal otic drugs, systemic miticidal (selamectin or ivermectin) for ectopic mites, treat all animals in the home, make sure the environment is clean, & separate affected cats from non-affected cats
T/F: cats may become infected with ear mites from infected dogs in the household
TRUE
what cats are commonly affected by ringworm?
juvenile or geriatric cats, persians & himalayans may be at an increased risk
what is the classic case presentation of a cat with ringworm?
generally non-pruritic, scaling, crusting, ulceration, alopecia, localized especially to the head or can be generalized
what are the risk factors for ringworm in cats?
FeLV, malnutrition, stress, immunosuppression, crowding, & poor sanitation
what is the etiology of ringworm in cats?
98% caused by microsporum canis
how is ringworm in cats diagnosed?
DTM best for culture collected with a toothbrush that was rubbed on the lesion, wood’s lamp, & biopsy/histopath if other tests are inconclusive
how is ringworm in cats treated?
topical - lime sulfur or enilconazole systemic - itraconazole or griseofulvin environmental - remove hair & water/bleach 1:32
what are atypical lesions caused by ringworm?
kerion (nodular masses) or mycetoma (pyogranulomatous lesion)
what are 3 main ophthalmic diseases in cats?
chlamydiosis, FIP uveitis, & corneal scratches
what is the classic case presentation of a cat with chlamydiosis?
young cat/kitten with unilateral & then bilateral conjunctivitis (ocular discharge, redness) - may have a concurrent URI
what cats are most often affected by FIP uveitis?
young purebred cats
what is the classic case presentation of FIP uveitis?
anorexia, lethargy, changes in iris color, keratitic precipitates, aqueous flare, & other systemic signs
what is the classic case presentation of corneal scratches in a cat?
blepharospasm, epiphora, & conjunctival hyperemia
how is chlamydiosis diagnosed in a cat?
clinical signs +/- conjunctival swab PCR
how is FIP uveitis diagnosed?
aqueous flare & hyphema seen on ophthalmic exam, decreased IOP, but difficult to diagnose antemortem
how are corneal scratches diagnosed?
fluorescein stain shows bright green delineation, culture of severe/deep ulcers, & descemtoceles are fluorescein stain negative
what drug is contraindicated for corneal ulcers in a cat?
steroids!!!
T/F: you should avoid putting pressure on the jugular vein in a cat with uveitis or corneal ulcers
TRUE
how is chlamydiosis treated?
systemic & topical doxycycline
what is the classic case presentation of feline asthma?
young adult cat with a history of coughing, wheezing, tachypnea, and maybe dyspnea & respiratory distress
what cats are at an increased risk of feline asthma?
urban cats & siamese/himalayan breeds
what is seen on thoracic rads of a cat with suspected feline asthma?
bronchial pattern, pulmonary inflammation, & pulmonary hyperinflation
how is feline asthma diagnosed?
thoracic rads, may see an eosinophilia on a cbc, & rule out differentials
how is status asthmaticus treated?
oxygen, minimize handling, bronchodilators by nebulization (albuterol) or parenteral (terbutaline), & parenteral glucocorticoids
what is status asthmaticus?
dyspnea or respiratory distress
what chronic therapy is used for feline asthma?
bronchodilators - theophylline, aminophylline, or terbutaline & prednisolone
T/F: cats cough with asthma but do not cough with cardiac disease!!!
TRUE
should you give beta blockers to a cat with asthma? why?
no - can worsen bronchoconstriction & should not be given to asthmatics
can you use bronchodilators as monotherapy for feline asthma?
nope
how is FIP uveitis treated?
topical glucocorticoids and topical mydriatics 1% atropine sulfate
how are feline corneal scratches treated?
topical broad spectrum antibiotics, autologous serum for anticollagenase activity, buprenorphine for pain, topical mydriatics, & an ecollar
how do you rule out differentials for feline asthma?
do a BAL with cyctology +/- culture for mycoplasma, heartworm antigen/antibody test, & fecal baermann to rule out parasites
