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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Cross Species - Top 30 Zoonotic Diseases Part 3 > Flashcards

Cross Species - Top 30 Zoonotic Diseases Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what zoonotic diseases are classified as highest priority (category a) bioterrorism agents?

A

anthrax, plague, & tularemia

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2
Q

T/F: since 2003, when the first US case of BSE was detected, the prevalence has been less than 1 per million animals

A

true

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3
Q

what is the common case presentation of BSE?

A

at least 2 years old due to long incubation period of 2-8 years

ataxia, low head carriage, increased responsiveness to stimuli, & recumbency

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4
Q

BSE is linked to what human disease?

A

linked to variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease

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5
Q

what clinical signs are seen in humans with BSE?

A

psychiatric abnormalities, painful sensory signs, ataxia, memory loss, & tremors

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6
Q

what is the etiology of BSE?

A

BSE prion - infectious protein that converts normal cellular protein into prion copies that is resistant to disinfectatnts

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7
Q

what are the routes of human infection from BSE?

A

ingestion of BSE prions in animal tissues

blood transfusions

organ transplants

contaminated surgical equipment

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8
Q

how is infection from BSE prevented?

A

avoid eating prion infected tissue, use biosafety level 3 precautions in necropsies of suspected BSE cows, autopsies of humans with vCJD signs, & labs working with BSE prions

no feeding meat/bone to cattle - banned in 1997

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9
Q

when was the first case of BSE documented?

A

in the UK in 1986

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10
Q

why was BSE amplified in cattle populations?

A

their diets were supplemented with meat & bone meal

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11
Q

T/F: BSE is a notifiable disease for OIE

A

true

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12
Q

what is another name for campylobacteriosis?

A

virbriosis

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13
Q

what is the classic case of campylobacteriosis in dogs/cats? what about poultry?

A

puppies/kittens under 6 months - watery diarrhea that may be bloody or have mucus

poultry - most have no clinical signs, but very young chicks can develop enteritis

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14
Q

what is the classic case of campylobacteriosis in pigs? cattle/sheep/goats?

A

pigs - colitis in weaners

cattle/sheep/goats - important cause of abortion

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15
Q

what clinical signs are seen in humans with vibriosis?

A

diarrhea that may be bloody, abdominal pain/cramping, & may see nausea/vomiting

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16
Q

what is the etiology of vibriosis? what are the reservoir hosts?

A

campylobacter jejuni - gram negative spiral bacterial rods with a wide host distribution

reservoir hosts - animals & especially chickens!!

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17
Q

how do humans get vibriosis? how is it prevented?

A

fecal oral from infected animals or people

ingestion of contaminated meat

PPE & good food safety practices

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18
Q

T/F: c. jejuni is a frequent cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide

A

true

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19
Q

what is the importance of c. fetus sub species venerealis & c. fetus sub species fetus?

A

bovine - genital campylobacteriosis

humans - systemic infections in immunocompromised people

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20
Q

what is the classic case presentation of enterohemorrhagic e. coli in animals? what about in people?

A

animals - most asymptomatic

humans - diarrhea/hemorrhagic colitis & hemolytic uremic syndrome

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21
Q

what is etiology of hemorrhagic e. coli?

A

gram negative bacterial rod which most are normal intestinal commensal organisms

22
Q

how is pathogenic e. coli characterized? what about enterohemorrhagic e. coli?

A

6 pathotypes based on virulence factors

EHEC O157:H7 produces toxins - vero or shiga toxins

23
Q

T/F: ruminants are maintenance hosts for hemorrhagic e. coli & young animals are more likely to shed

A

true

24
Q

how do humans get hemorrhagic e. coli? how is it prevented?

A

fecal oral through contaminated food/water, contact with animals/feces/soil

PPE & good food safety practices

25
Q

what is the infectious dose for pathogenic e. coli in humans?

A

may be as low as 10 organisms

26
Q

T/F: young ruminants may develop enteritis from non-0157 EHEC

A

true

27
Q

what is the classic case presentation of giardiasis in dogs/cats?

A

weight loss, chronic diarrhea (soft, pale, malodorous, greasy, usually no blood)

may be asymptomatic

28
Q

what is the classic case presentation of giardiasis in calves?

A

pasty, fatty, mucoid diarrhea

29
Q

what is the classic case presentation of giardiasis in humans?

A

diarrhea, flatulence, greasy stool that can float, nausea, abdominal cramps, & dehydration

30
Q

what is the etiology of giardiasis? what are the most important reservoirs?

A

giardia duodenalis protozoan intestinal parasites - genus divided in 7 genetic assemblages (A & B are zoonotic & others are more host specific)

humans most important

31
Q

T/F: in giardiasis, human to human transmission is more important than zoonotic transmission

A

true

32
Q

what is the difference between giardiasis in animals & humans?

A

giardiasis in humans is a nationally notifiable disease

33
Q

what is another name for tularemia?

A

rabbit fever

34
Q

what are the ways in which humans get giardiasis?

A

fecal oral with ingestion of cysts

fomites, drinking untreated water from wells, swallowing water while swimming in lakes/rivers, & eating contaminated food

35
Q

what is the classic case presentation of tularemia in cats?

A

lymphadenopathy, sometimes suppurative, that may drain

generalized severe illness

may see hepatosplenomegaly & icterus

36
Q

what is the classic case presentation of tularemia in dogs?

A

relatively resistant

may see mild illness & spontaneous recovery

37
Q

what is the classic case presentation of tularemia in sheep?

A

abortions & weak lambs

38
Q

what is the classic case presentation of tularemia in wild animals such as rabbits, muskrats, beavers, & voles?

A

generalized illness due to septicemia, starry sky appearance of liver & spleen due to disseminated necrotic foci, acute death

or may be asymptomatic

39
Q

what are the 6 forms of tularemia in humans? what is the similarity shared between all forms?

A
  1. ulceroglandular - most common
  2. glandular
  3. oculoglandular
  4. oropharyngeal
  5. pneumonic - most serious form

typhoidal - unlocalized combination of above signs

all are accompanied by a high fever & regional lymphadenopathy

40
Q

what clinical signs are seen with the ulceroglandular form of tularemia?

A

skin ulcer at site of entry

headache

41
Q

what clinical signs are seen with the glandular form of tularemia?

A

same as ulceroglandular but no ulcers

42
Q

what clinical signs are seen with the oculoglandular form of tularemia?

A

eye pain, redness, swelling, & discharge

ulcer inside eyelid may be present

photophobia

43
Q

what clinical signs are seen with the oropharyngeal form of tularemia?

A

sore throat, oral ulcers, & tonsilitis

44
Q

what clinical signs are seen with the pneumonic form of tularemia?

A

cough, congestion, chest pain, & dyspnea

45
Q

what clinical signs are seen with the typhoidal form of tularemia?

A

unlocalized combination of above signs

46
Q

what is the etiology of tularemia? what are the vectors? reservoir hosts?

A

francisella tularensis - gram negative coccobacillary bacterium mostly found in the northern hemisphere

vectors - ticks & other arthropods

reservoir - lagomorphs & rodents

47
Q

what disease can tularemia be clinically indistinguishable from in dogs & cats?

A

plague - yersinia pestis

48
Q

what are the routes of transmission & associated syndromes with tularemia?

A

tick/deer fly bites/dermal contact with infected animals - ulceroglandular, glandular, & typhoidal

ingestion of contaminated food/water - oropharyngeal & typhoidal

inhalation of contaminated aerosols - pneumonic & typhoidal

ocular exposure - oculoglandular & typhoidal

49
Q

how can you protect yourself from tularemia transmission?

A

PPE with respiratory protection

50
Q

T/F: tularemia is a reportable disease in many states & could potentially be used as a biological weapon

A

true

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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