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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Cross Species - Top 30 Zoonotic Diseases Part 5 > Flashcards

Cross Species - Top 30 Zoonotic Diseases Part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

animals with larval migrans typically present with what clinical signs?

A

usually just gastroenteritis

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2
Q

what are the 3 clinical syndromes in humans with larval migrans?

A
  1. cutaneous - ancylostoma & strongyloides: vermiform rash, intense pruritus, & pain
  2. visceral - toxocara, baylisascaris, & ascaris suum: depends on organ affected but myocarditis, hepatitis, meningoencephalitis, & usually seen in 1-4 year old children
  3. ocular - toxocara & baylisascaris: visual impairment, ocular pain, strabismus, & usually seen in children 7-8 years old
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3
Q

what parasites can cause larval migrans in people?

A

ancylostoma (hookworms), strongyloides (threadworms), toxocara (dog roundworms), baylisascaris (racoon roundworms), & ascaris suum (pig roundworms)

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4
Q

what precautions can be taken to avoid larval migrans?

A

avoiding contact of skin with larvae to prevent cutaneous forms or ingestion of eggs or larvae to prevent visceral/ocular forms

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5
Q

what is the most common dermatological problem affecting people who vacation in tropical areas?

A

cutaneous larval migrans

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6
Q

what causes visceral syndrome?

A

results from migration of larvae through visceral organs & failure to complete the life cycle

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7
Q

what clinical signs are seen in the furious form of rabies?

A

restlessness, unprovoked attacks, incoordination, pica, abnormal bellowing in cows

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8
Q

what clinical signs are seen in the dumb form of rabies?

A

hypersalivation due to inability to swallow, dropped jaw, progressive limb paralysis, coma, & death

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9
Q

what clinical signs are seen in wild mammals with rabies?

A

loss of fear of humans & nocturnal mammals wandering around during daylight

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10
Q

what clinical signs are seen in humans with rabies?

A

malaise, fever, headache, pruritus at bite sites, abnormal behavior, sensitivity to light/sound, delirium, difficulty swallowing, pharyngeal spasms

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11
Q

what is the etiology of rabies?

A

rabies virus - neurotropic virus in genus lyssavirus, family rhabdoviridae

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12
Q

how do humans get rabies?

A

contact with infectious saliva or neurologic tissues through mucus membranes or broken skin usually do to a bite & infected organ transplants

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13
Q

how are precautions taken for rabies prevention?

A

avoid bites from infected animals, wear PPE, seek medical care/prophylaxis if exposed, humans at risk of exposure should be vaccinated for rabies & have titers checked every 2 years

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14
Q

what parts of the world have no rabies at all?

A

uk, australia, new zealand, ireland, japan, parts of scandinavia, singapore, malaysia, & pacific islands (hawaii)

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15
Q

what is the classic case presentation of rocky mountain spotted fever in dogs?

A

fever, anorexia, mucopurulent oculonasal discharge, gi signs, joint/muscle pain, & maybe neuro signs

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16
Q

what is the classic case presentation of rocky mountain spotted fever in humans?

A

fever, rash, headache, myalgia, & multi-organ involvement

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17
Q

what is the etiology of rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

rickettsia rickettsii - pleomorphic obligate intracellular gram negative coccobacillus

18
Q

what may be an amplifying host for rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

rodents

19
Q

how is rocky mountain spotted fever spread?

A

tick bites

dermacentor andersoni - rocky mountain wood tick, most of north america

d. variablis - american dog tick, most of north america

rhipicephalus sanguineus - brown dog tick, arizona & mexico

20
Q

what precautions are taken when culturing the agent that causes rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

biosafety level 3 used to culture organisms

21
Q

where are the majority of cases of rocky mountain spotted fever seen?

A

NC, OK, AR, TN, & MS

22
Q

T/F: in humans, if left untreated, rocky mountain spotted fever can cause 85% mortality rate

A

true

23
Q

what is the classic case presentation of influenza in birds?

A

HPAI - coughing, sneezing, diarrhea, hemorrhage, & neuro signs

24
Q

what is the classic case presentation of influenza in pigs?

A

coughing, sneezing, fever, conjunctivitis, & oculonasal discharge

25
Q

what is the classic case presentation of influenza in humans?

A

fever, lethargy, coughing, nasal discharge, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, & myalgia

26
Q

what is the etiology of influenza?

A

influenza a virus - orthomyxovirus

usually host adapted but can occasionally infect additional species

27
Q

what are the antigens that determine the influenza a viral subtype?

A

H - hemagglutinating antigen

N - neuraminidase antigen

28
Q

what animals are hosts for influenza that serve for transmitting influenza to humans?

A

birds, pigs, & ferrets

29
Q

how is influenza spread from animal to animal?

A

fecal-oral route, fomites, & aerosols

30
Q

how is influenza spread to humans from animals?

A

close contact with infected animals, aerosols, & fomites

31
Q

what precautions are taken to prevent influenza infection in humans?

A

annual vaccination & PPE when handling infected animals (respiratory protection)

32
Q

what animals have been increasingly recognized as a source of influenza infections?

A

pigs - H1N1 now circulates seasonally worldwide

33
Q

T/F: dogs can be infected with H3N2 or H3N8 influenza viruses but there are no reports of humans contracting it from them

A

true

34
Q

what is the classic case presentation of listeriosis in ruminants?

A

encephalitis - brainstem lesions affect cranial nerves leading to circling, nystagmus, facial nerve paralysis, ptyalism

abortion - usually last trimester without any warning signs

35
Q

what is the classic case presentation of listeriosis in humans?

A

usually a limited acute febrile gastroenteritis

pregnant women - flu-like illness that may lead to abortion or neonatal sepsis

36
Q

what is the etiology of listeriosis?

A

listeria monocytogenes - gram positive, non-spore forming coccobacillus that lives in plant-soil environment & small animal gi tracts worldwide

37
Q

how do animals get listeriosis?

A

ingested or inhaled by animals, may enter small wounds in buccal mucosa

38
Q

how do humans get listeriosis?

A

ingestion of contaminated food, exposure to infected animals (typically animals that have aborted not those with encephalitis)

39
Q

how is listeriosis in humans prevented?

A

PPE when handling infected animals - especially those that have been recently aborted

40
Q

how can listeriosis be a food borne illness?

A

problem in uncooked foods because it can grow at normal fridge temps of 40°F

41
Q

T/F: in ruminants with listeriosis, you are unlikely to see cortical signs of aggression, seizures, or central blindness

A

true

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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