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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Cross Species - Top 30 Zoonotic Diseases Part 4 > Flashcards

Cross Species - Top 30 Zoonotic Diseases Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what rodents can be infected with bubonic plague? what clinical signs do they show?

A

rock squirrels, wood rats, ground squirrels, prairie dogs, chipmunks, mice, voles, & rabbits

may be subclinical to peracute/fatal

petechiae/ecchymoses in skin/other organs & hemoptysis

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2
Q

what is the classic case presentation of plague in cats?

A

lymphadenopathy especially in cervical lymph nodes, fever, dyspnea, hemoptysis, DIC, & death

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3
Q

what are the 3 forms of plague seen in humans?

A
  1. bubonic - headaches & painful swollen lymph nodes
  2. septicemic - abdominal pain, shock, petechiae/ecchymoses in skin/other organs, & necrosis of fingers/toes
  3. pneumonic - headache, shortness of breath, chest pain, productive cough
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4
Q

what is the most serious form of plague in humans?

A

pneumonic

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5
Q

what is the etiology of plague?

A

yersinia pestis - gram negative bacillus

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6
Q

what animals are the host species for plague? how is it transmitted?

A

rodents & lagomorphs are hosts - transmitted among animals through fleas

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7
Q

what is the distribution of plague?

A

western 1/3 of the USA, patchy distribution worldwide

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8
Q

what are the zoonotic concerns with plague?

A

transmission to humans through flea bites - bubonic or septicemic

transmission to humans from direct contact with infected animals - septicemic form

respiratory inhalation of infectious droplets - pneumonic form

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9
Q

what precautions can be taken to prevent plague infection in humans?

A

flea control, rat control, prevent pets from roaming/hunting, insect repellants, & PPE with respiratory protection

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10
Q

what is the most common form of plague in cats & humans?

A

bubonic

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11
Q

T/F: plague is reportable in many states & may potentially be used as a biologic weapon

A

true

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12
Q

T/F: plague is known to have caused 3 major pandemics in humans

A

true

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13
Q

what is the classic case presentation of non-typhoidal salmonellosis in reptiles/poultry?

A

typically asymptomatic

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14
Q

what is the classic case presentation of non-typhoidal salmonellosis in newborn ruminants, pigs, horses, fowl, puppies, & kittens?

A

enteritis & septicemia

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15
Q

what is the classic case presentation of non-typhoidal salmonellosis in older animals?

A

gastroenteritis without septicemia

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16
Q

what is the classic case presentation of non-typhoidal salmonellosis in humans?

A

gastroenteritis & septicemia

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17
Q

what is the etiology of non-typhoidal salmonellosis?

A

salmonella spp, gram negative facultative anaerobic rods with worldwide distribution

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18
Q

what is the most pathogenic isolate found in salmonellosis?

A

s. enterica sub species enterica

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19
Q

how is salmonellosis transmitted to humans?

A

fecal-oral, food contamination (eggs, poultry, dairy products), & handling infected animals

20
Q

what precautions can be taken to avoid salmonellosis infection?

A

PPE, careful food handling, wash hands after handling potentially infected animals (poultry/reptiles), & cull/isolate carriers in a herd

21
Q

what is the classic case presentation of cystic echinococcosis in sheep?

A

usually asymptomatic - ascites, icterus

22
Q

what is the classic case presentation of cystic echinococcosis in humans?

A

signs dependent on location of cysts, abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, seizures, dementia

23
Q

what is the classic case presentation of alveolar echinococcosis in humans?

A

asymptomatic for years, abdominal discomfort, weakness, weight loss, liver failure, icterus, & ascites

24
Q

what is the etiology of cystic echinococcosis & alveolar echinococcosis?

A

echinococcus granulosus - cystic

echinococcus multilocularis - alveolar

25
Q

what are the definitive hosts of echinococcus?

A

definitive hosts - infected by ingesting intermediate host tissues with cysts

e. granulosus - dogs, other canines, hyenas, & cats

e. multilocularis - foxes & coyotes

26
Q

what are the intermediate hosts for echinococcus species?

A

e. granulosus - herbivores & humans, ingesting eggs from contaminated pastures/soils, cysts develop in liver, lungs, & rarely brain

e. multilocularis - microtine rodents (voles & field mice), cysts typically develop in the liver

27
Q

how do humans get echinococcosis?

A

ingestion of eggs from food, water, or fomites contaminated with feces of definitive host

28
Q

what precautions are taken for preventing echinococcosis?

A

reduce human exposure by preventing infections in dogs & cats - don’t allow ingestion of livestock entrails or hunting rodents

29
Q

what happens if a echinococcus cyst ruptures?

A

anaphylactic reaction & possible death

30
Q

T/F: echinococcosis is an OIE reportable disease

A

true

31
Q

what is the classic case presentation of lepto in dogs?

A

fever, lethargy, anorexia, icterus (liver disease), coagulopathy, respiratory signs, & renal disease

32
Q

what is the classic case presentation of lepto in young horses & ruminants?

A

fever, icterus, renal disease in horses

33
Q

what is the classic case presentation of lepto in adult horses & ruminants?

A

abortion & uveitis in horses

34
Q

what is the classic case presentation of lepto in humans?

A

biphasic disease starting with flu-like illness (fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea) with a brief recovery then

headache, muscle aches, fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, icterus, meningitis, & multi-organ failure

35
Q

what is the etiology of leptospirosis?

A

leptospira species - spirochete bacteria

many different serovars that are host adapted

36
Q

how is leptospirosis spread to humans?

A

shed in the urine of infected animals

direct transmission to humans via ingestion/exposure across mucus membranes or abraded skin, infected urine, infected placenta/fetus after abortion, or contaminated water

37
Q

what precautions can be taken to prevent infection with leptospirosis?

A

PPE with face protection & avoiding contaminated environments

38
Q

what is the classic case presentation of lymphocytic choriomeningitis in rodents?

A

stunted growth, inappetence, weight loss, photophobia, seizures, glomerulonephritis, & lethargy

39
Q

what is the classic case presentation of lymphocytic choriomeningitis in humans?

A

flu like symptoms, meningitis, severe developmental defects, & abortions

40
Q

what is the etiology of lymphocytic chorioretinitis?

A

arenavirus - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

41
Q

how do humans get lymphocytic chorioretinitis?

A

direct contact with infected rodents or their excretions/secretions through aerosol, mucus membranes, or abraded skin & infected solid organ transplants

41
Q

what is the natural host of lymphocytic chorioretinitis?

A

natural host - house mouse but other rodents may be reservoir hosts

42
Q

how is lymphocytic chorioretinitis prevented in humans?

A

proper PPE with face protection

43
Q

T/F: lymphocytic chorioretinitis has bioterrorism potential

A

true

44
Q

what animals could spread lymphocytic chorioretinitis to humans?

A

infected hamsters, mice, & guinea pigs

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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