Porcine Top Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Diseases Flashcards
what is the classic case of pigs affected by mycoplasma hyorhinis?
nursery pigs three to ten weeks old - unthrifty pigs post weaning, head tilt/otitis media, lameness/swollen joints, & cough
what is the classic case of pigs affected by mycoplasma hyosynoviae?
finishing pigs 10-20 weeks old - acute lameness with or without joint swelling & up to 50% mortality
what gross lesions are seen with m. hyorhinis?
fibrinous pleuritis, pericarditis, & sometimes peritonitis - thick serosal membranes & fibrinous adhesions
what gross lesions are seen with m. hyosynoviae?
thick edematous synovial membranes & joint structures with increased volume of synovial fluid (brown or cloudy)
what microscopic lesions are seen with m. hyorhinis?
mycoplasma may be seen on the cilia of the inner ear
what microscopic lesions are seen with m. hyosynoviae?
perivascular infiltration of lymphcotes, plasma cells, & macrophages
how are infections from m. hyorhinis/m.hyosynoviae diagnosed? what other tests can you do for m. hyorhinis?
PCR on joint fluid - swabs of serosal surfaces/joints & can culture joint fluid (pre mortem sample)
how are m. hyorhinis/m. hyosynoviae treated?
injectable abx (tylosin, lincomysin)
T/F: early treatment for m. hyorhinis is effective but advanced disease is refractory
TRUE
what is the mortality rate of infections caused by m. hyosynoviae?
very low
both m. hyorhinis & m. hyosynoviae can cause what in pigs?
lameness/swollen joints
how does m. hyorhinis cause disease?
invasion & systemic proliferation of the organism
T/F: m. hyosynoviae is not found in pigs under 4 weeks of age & OCD may predispose them
TRUE
how do you differentiate between erysipelas & m. hyosynoviae infections in pigs?
hyosynoviae will not respond to treatment with penicillin
what agent causes glaser’s disease in pigs?
haemophilus parasuis
what age of pigs are affected by glaser’s disease?
ages 3-10 weeks
what are the clinical signs seen with glaser’s disease?
sudden death, fever, cough, neuro signs (head tilt), lameness/swollen joints, wasting/unthrifty pigs
what is the mortality rate of glaser’s disease?
high once showing signs if delay or failure to provide treatment
what is the etiology of glaser’s disease?
small gram negative rod with many serovars - hard to grow in lab
what gross lesions are seen with glaser’s disese?
fibrinous polyserositis of the peritoneum, pericardium, & pleura
what microscopic lesions are seen with glaser’s disease?
polyserositis with fibrinopurulent exudate consisting of fibrin, neutrophils, & macrophages on serosal surfaces & fibrinopurulent meningitis
what is the best diagnostic test for glaser’s disease?
PCR
how is glaser’s disease treated?
prompt injection of abx (ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, tulathromycin)
how is glaser’s disease prevented?
vaccination of piglets twice & sow pre farrowing
what does prognosis of glaser’s depend on?
speed of treatment/intervention
T/F: glaser’s disease is a commonly diagnosed cause of poor nursery performance
TRUE
why is seneca valley virus reportable?
clinical signs are clinically indistinguishable from foot & mouth disease, swine vesicular disease, & vesicular exanthema
what is the etiology of seneca valley virus?
picornavirus - genus senecavirus
what is the classic case presentation of a pig with seneca valley virus?
any age animal, peaks in summer, lameness, multifocal round erosions or vesicles on distal limb (coronary band), snout/nares, lips/oral mucosa
what gross lesions are seen with seneca valley virus? what microscopic lesions are seen?
- lesions seen in stratified squamous epithelium
how is seneca valley virus in pigs diagnosed?
virus isolation or PCR on serum, oral fluids, vesicles, or vesicle swabs
how is seneca valley virus treated?
no known treatments/control measures
what is the prognosis for seneca valley virus?
usually good but may cause high mortality rates in neonates
what age of pigs are often affected by streptococcus suis?
farrowing room to nursery (one to ten weeks)
what is the classic case presentation of a pig with a streptococcus suis infection?
cough, head tilt, seizures, swollen joints, & lameness
what is the etiology of streptococcus suis that causes disease?
multiple capsular types - facultatively anaerobic, gram positive non-motile coccus (chains)
what gross lesions are seen with strep suis infections?
fibrinous polyserositis & vegetative valvular endocarditis
what microscopic lesions are seen with strep suis infections?
suppurative bronchopneumonia, neutrophilic meningitis/encephalitis, fibrinopurulent/suppurative epicarditis, & interstitial pneumonia to septicemia
where should samples be taken for PCR in a suspected strep suis infected pig?
brain, joint, & pericardial sac
how are strep suis infections prevented?
use clean tools for tail docking/castration, keep farrowing rooms clean, & maintain good ventilation
how are strep suis infections treated?
ceftiofur/enrofloxacin, injectable steroids
T/F: streptococcus suis is zoonotic & is an emerging human pathogen capable of causing septicemia, meningitis, permanent hearing loss, endocarditis, & arthritis
TRUE
when are strep suis infections most common during the year?
high humidity temperatures
what is the prognosis like for strep suis infections in pigs?
good with prompt treatment but once animals are showing neurologic signs, very poor
what is the classic case presentation of scabies in pigs?
pruritus & decreased growth rate
what is the etiology of scabies?
sarcoptes scabei - burrowing mite
what are the reservoirs for scabies?
sows
T/F: demodectic mange is unimportant in swine
TRUE
what gross lesions are seen in pigs with scabies?
erythematous skin, progresses to papules on rump, flank, abdomen - alopecia/abrasions from scratching
what microscopic lesions are seen in pigs with scabies?
papules contain eosinophils, mast cells, & lymphocytes
how are scabies in pigs diagnosed?
skin scrape from inner ear
how is scabies treated in pigs?
injectable ivermectin/doramectin & topical permethrin (acaricides)
how is scabies prevented in pigs?
eliminate from breeding stock
T/F: scabies is rare in confined herds in the USA
TRUE
what agent causes greasy pig disease/exudative epidermitis?
staph hyicus
what is the classic case presentation of greasy pig disease?
starts with focal red areas/clear exudate in groin or on face that progresses to coalescing lesions with a thick brown exudate - eventually, exudate will be thick, black, with a layer of crust over thick wrinkled skin
what is the etiology of greasy pig disease?
gram positive cocci - normal skin flora
what gross lesions are seen in greasy pig disease?
coalescing lesions with thick brown exudate & lymphadeopathy
what microscopic lesions are seen in greasy pig disease?
serocellular crusts of neutrophils & fibrin & epidermis is ulcerated and/or hyperplastic
how is greasy pig disease treated?
early treatment with abx can be successful but may be resistant (no drugs labelled for it)
what is the prognosis of greasy pig disease?
good if mild/treated early - poor if other underlying factors are present (viruses, poor husbandry, gilt litters)
what is the most common staph disease in pigs?
greasy pig disease - staph hyicus
what agent causes diamond skin disease in pigs?
erysipelas rhusiopathiae
what clinical signs are seen in acute cases of diamond skin disease?
septicemia resulting in lethargy, fever, painful jonts, decreased feed intake, & diamond shaped skin lesions
what clinical signs are seen in subacute cases of diamond skin disease?
milder version of acute form
what clinical signs are seen in chronic cases of diamond skin disease?
follows acute/subacute infections - chronic arthritis with enlarged hock/stifle/carpus
what is the etiology of diamond skin disease?
gra positive rod, facultative anaerobe - several serotypes
what gross lesions are seen with diamond skin disease?
multifocal raised rhomboid/square/diamond-shaped red to purple skin lesions, vegetative valvular endocarditis, & petechiae on renal cortex
what microscopic lesions are seen with diamond skin disease?
blood vessels in dermis & other tissues are dilated & congested with bacterial emboli that occlude vessels which leads to focal necrosis
how is diamond skin disease in pigs diagnosed?
culture affected tissues with histopathologic lesions
what is the treatment used for diamond skin disease in pigs?
injectable abx (penicillin, lincomycin, tylosin)
how is diamond skin disease in pigs prevented?
vaccinate sow twice at pre-breedng & at each weaning & vaccinate piglets twice
T/F: outbreaks of diamond skin disease in pigs may occur cyclically (every 10 years)
TRUE
T/F: diamond skin disease of pigs is zoonotic
TRUE
what is the prognosis of diamond skin disease in pigs?
good prognosis with treatment
what is the concern with trichinellosis in pigs?
no clinical signs in pigs - but big zoonotic threat
what is the etiology of trichinellosis in pigs?
t. spiralis in USA
how is trichinellosis in pigs diagnosed?
istopath of muscle tissue to ID cysts in the diaphragm & ELISA
how is trichinellosis in pigs treated?
no treatment - focus on preventing infections for zoonotic concern
how is trichinellosis in pigs prevented?
cook pork to 125°F & regulations for garbage feeding in swine
how is trichinellosis a zoonotic threat?
via ingestion of infected muscle tissue
T/F: trichinellosis is more common from other sources than pork like consumption of bear meat
TRUE
