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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Porcine Top Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Diseases > Flashcards

Porcine Top Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what is the classic case of pigs affected by mycoplasma hyorhinis?

A

nursery pigs three to ten weeks old - unthrifty pigs post weaning, head tilt/otitis media, lameness/swollen joints, & cough

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2
Q

what is the classic case of pigs affected by mycoplasma hyosynoviae?

A

finishing pigs 10-20 weeks old - acute lameness with or without joint swelling & up to 50% mortality

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3
Q

what gross lesions are seen with m. hyorhinis?

A

fibrinous pleuritis, pericarditis, & sometimes peritonitis - thick serosal membranes & fibrinous adhesions

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4
Q

what gross lesions are seen with m. hyosynoviae?

A

thick edematous synovial membranes & joint structures with increased volume of synovial fluid (brown or cloudy)

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5
Q

what microscopic lesions are seen with m. hyorhinis?

A

mycoplasma may be seen on the cilia of the inner ear

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6
Q

what microscopic lesions are seen with m. hyosynoviae?

A

perivascular infiltration of lymphcotes, plasma cells, & macrophages

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7
Q

how are infections from m. hyorhinis/m.hyosynoviae diagnosed? what other tests can you do for m. hyorhinis?

A

PCR on joint fluid - swabs of serosal surfaces/joints & can culture joint fluid (pre mortem sample)

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8
Q

how are m. hyorhinis/m. hyosynoviae treated?

A

injectable abx (tylosin, lincomysin)

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9
Q

T/F: early treatment for m. hyorhinis is effective but advanced disease is refractory

A

TRUE

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10
Q

what is the mortality rate of infections caused by m. hyosynoviae?

A

very low

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11
Q

both m. hyorhinis & m. hyosynoviae can cause what in pigs?

A

lameness/swollen joints

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12
Q

how does m. hyorhinis cause disease?

A

invasion & systemic proliferation of the organism

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13
Q

T/F: m. hyosynoviae is not found in pigs under 4 weeks of age & OCD may predispose them

A

TRUE

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14
Q

how do you differentiate between erysipelas & m. hyosynoviae infections in pigs?

A

hyosynoviae will not respond to treatment with penicillin

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15
Q

what agent causes glaser’s disease in pigs?

A

haemophilus parasuis

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16
Q

what age of pigs are affected by glaser’s disease?

A

ages 3-10 weeks

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17
Q

what are the clinical signs seen with glaser’s disease?

A

sudden death, fever, cough, neuro signs (head tilt), lameness/swollen joints, wasting/unthrifty pigs

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18
Q

what is the mortality rate of glaser’s disease?

A

high once showing signs if delay or failure to provide treatment

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19
Q

what is the etiology of glaser’s disease?

A

small gram negative rod with many serovars - hard to grow in lab

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20
Q

what gross lesions are seen with glaser’s disese?

A

fibrinous polyserositis of the peritoneum, pericardium, & pleura

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21
Q

what microscopic lesions are seen with glaser’s disease?

A

polyserositis with fibrinopurulent exudate consisting of fibrin, neutrophils, & macrophages on serosal surfaces & fibrinopurulent meningitis

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22
Q

what is the best diagnostic test for glaser’s disease?

A

PCR

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23
Q

how is glaser’s disease treated?

A

prompt injection of abx (ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, tulathromycin)

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24
Q

how is glaser’s disease prevented?

A

vaccination of piglets twice & sow pre farrowing

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25
Q

what does prognosis of glaser’s depend on?

A

speed of treatment/intervention

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26
Q

T/F: glaser’s disease is a commonly diagnosed cause of poor nursery performance

A

TRUE

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27
Q

why is seneca valley virus reportable?

A

clinical signs are clinically indistinguishable from foot & mouth disease, swine vesicular disease, & vesicular exanthema

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28
Q

what is the etiology of seneca valley virus?

A

picornavirus - genus senecavirus

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29
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a pig with seneca valley virus?

A

any age animal, peaks in summer, lameness, multifocal round erosions or vesicles on distal limb (coronary band), snout/nares, lips/oral mucosa

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30
Q

what gross lesions are seen with seneca valley virus? what microscopic lesions are seen?

A
  • lesions seen in stratified squamous epithelium
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31
Q

how is seneca valley virus in pigs diagnosed?

A

virus isolation or PCR on serum, oral fluids, vesicles, or vesicle swabs

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32
Q

how is seneca valley virus treated?

A

no known treatments/control measures

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33
Q

what is the prognosis for seneca valley virus?

A

usually good but may cause high mortality rates in neonates

34
Q

what age of pigs are often affected by streptococcus suis?

A

farrowing room to nursery (one to ten weeks)

35
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a pig with a streptococcus suis infection?

A

cough, head tilt, seizures, swollen joints, & lameness

36
Q

what is the etiology of streptococcus suis that causes disease?

A

multiple capsular types - facultatively anaerobic, gram positive non-motile coccus (chains)

37
Q

what gross lesions are seen with strep suis infections?

A

fibrinous polyserositis & vegetative valvular endocarditis

38
Q

what microscopic lesions are seen with strep suis infections?

A

suppurative bronchopneumonia, neutrophilic meningitis/encephalitis, fibrinopurulent/suppurative epicarditis, & interstitial pneumonia to septicemia

39
Q

where should samples be taken for PCR in a suspected strep suis infected pig?

A

brain, joint, & pericardial sac

40
Q

how are strep suis infections prevented?

A

use clean tools for tail docking/castration, keep farrowing rooms clean, & maintain good ventilation

41
Q

how are strep suis infections treated?

A

ceftiofur/enrofloxacin, injectable steroids

42
Q

T/F: streptococcus suis is zoonotic & is an emerging human pathogen capable of causing septicemia, meningitis, permanent hearing loss, endocarditis, & arthritis

A

TRUE

43
Q

when are strep suis infections most common during the year?

A

high humidity temperatures

44
Q

what is the prognosis like for strep suis infections in pigs?

A

good with prompt treatment but once animals are showing neurologic signs, very poor

45
Q

what is the classic case presentation of scabies in pigs?

A

pruritus & decreased growth rate

46
Q

what is the etiology of scabies?

A

sarcoptes scabei - burrowing mite

47
Q

what are the reservoirs for scabies?

A

sows

48
Q

T/F: demodectic mange is unimportant in swine

A

TRUE

49
Q

what gross lesions are seen in pigs with scabies?

A

erythematous skin, progresses to papules on rump, flank, abdomen - alopecia/abrasions from scratching

50
Q

what microscopic lesions are seen in pigs with scabies?

A

papules contain eosinophils, mast cells, & lymphocytes

51
Q

how are scabies in pigs diagnosed?

A

skin scrape from inner ear

52
Q

how is scabies treated in pigs?

A

injectable ivermectin/doramectin & topical permethrin (acaricides)

53
Q

how is scabies prevented in pigs?

A

eliminate from breeding stock

54
Q

T/F: scabies is rare in confined herds in the USA

A

TRUE

55
Q

what agent causes greasy pig disease/exudative epidermitis?

A

staph hyicus

56
Q

what is the classic case presentation of greasy pig disease?

A

starts with focal red areas/clear exudate in groin or on face that progresses to coalescing lesions with a thick brown exudate - eventually, exudate will be thick, black, with a layer of crust over thick wrinkled skin

57
Q

what is the etiology of greasy pig disease?

A

gram positive cocci - normal skin flora

58
Q

what gross lesions are seen in greasy pig disease?

A

coalescing lesions with thick brown exudate & lymphadeopathy

59
Q

what microscopic lesions are seen in greasy pig disease?

A

serocellular crusts of neutrophils & fibrin & epidermis is ulcerated and/or hyperplastic

60
Q

how is greasy pig disease treated?

A

early treatment with abx can be successful but may be resistant (no drugs labelled for it)

61
Q

what is the prognosis of greasy pig disease?

A

good if mild/treated early - poor if other underlying factors are present (viruses, poor husbandry, gilt litters)

62
Q

what is the most common staph disease in pigs?

A

greasy pig disease - staph hyicus

63
Q

what agent causes diamond skin disease in pigs?

A

erysipelas rhusiopathiae

64
Q

what clinical signs are seen in acute cases of diamond skin disease?

A

septicemia resulting in lethargy, fever, painful jonts, decreased feed intake, & diamond shaped skin lesions

65
Q

what clinical signs are seen in subacute cases of diamond skin disease?

A

milder version of acute form

66
Q

what clinical signs are seen in chronic cases of diamond skin disease?

A

follows acute/subacute infections - chronic arthritis with enlarged hock/stifle/carpus

67
Q

what is the etiology of diamond skin disease?

A

gra positive rod, facultative anaerobe - several serotypes

68
Q

what gross lesions are seen with diamond skin disease?

A

multifocal raised rhomboid/square/diamond-shaped red to purple skin lesions, vegetative valvular endocarditis, & petechiae on renal cortex

69
Q

what microscopic lesions are seen with diamond skin disease?

A

blood vessels in dermis & other tissues are dilated & congested with bacterial emboli that occlude vessels which leads to focal necrosis

70
Q

how is diamond skin disease in pigs diagnosed?

A

culture affected tissues with histopathologic lesions

71
Q

what is the treatment used for diamond skin disease in pigs?

A

injectable abx (penicillin, lincomycin, tylosin)

72
Q

how is diamond skin disease in pigs prevented?

A

vaccinate sow twice at pre-breedng & at each weaning & vaccinate piglets twice

73
Q

T/F: outbreaks of diamond skin disease in pigs may occur cyclically (every 10 years)

A

TRUE

74
Q

T/F: diamond skin disease of pigs is zoonotic

A

TRUE

75
Q

what is the prognosis of diamond skin disease in pigs?

A

good prognosis with treatment

76
Q

what is the concern with trichinellosis in pigs?

A

no clinical signs in pigs - but big zoonotic threat

77
Q

what is the etiology of trichinellosis in pigs?

A

t. spiralis in USA

78
Q

how is trichinellosis in pigs diagnosed?

A

istopath of muscle tissue to ID cysts in the diaphragm & ELISA

79
Q

how is trichinellosis in pigs treated?

A

no treatment - focus on preventing infections for zoonotic concern

80
Q

how is trichinellosis in pigs prevented?

A

cook pork to 125°F & regulations for garbage feeding in swine

81
Q

how is trichinellosis a zoonotic threat?

A

via ingestion of infected muscle tissue

82
Q

T/F: trichinellosis is more common from other sources than pork like consumption of bear meat

A

TRUE

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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