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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Canine Flash Notes - Vaccines > Flashcards

Canine Flash Notes - Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

what are core vaccines? what are they for dogs?

A

vaccines recommended for all dogs - core vaccines, except rabies, are given as early as 6 weeks of age then every 3-4 weeks until they are 14-16 weeks old

DA2PP & rabies

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2
Q

what is the law on rabies vaccines?

A

animal has to be 12 weeks of age

given one year later

boostered every 1-3 years depending on type

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3
Q

what is important to remember about the distemper portion of the DA2PP vaccine?

A

very vulnerable to inactivation after reconstitution, so use within one hour of making it

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4
Q

what is the preferred type of vaccine for canine distemper virus?

A

MLV or recombinant

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5
Q

what is the preferred type of vaccine used for canine parvovirus & canine adenovirus?

A

MLV

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6
Q

what type of vaccine is preferred for rabies?

A

killed!!!!

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7
Q

what disease does canine distemper cause?

A

mild to severe systemic illness with high morbidity/variable mortality characterized by upper respiratory & gi signs - sometimes neuro signs

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8
Q

why not vaccinate a dog before they are 6 weeks of age?

A

maternally derived antibodies will cause vaccine inactivation

puppies generally lose them by 9-12 weeks of age, but some are lost as early as 6 weeks

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9
Q

what is vaccine efficacy?

A

ability to stimulate a protective immune response

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10
Q

what is vaccine purity?

A

pure culture of starting materials - attenuated strain, virulent strain to be inactivated later

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11
Q

what is vaccine potency?

A

quantity of an antigen in a vaccine

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12
Q

what is vaccine safety?

A

reversion to virulence, local or systemic reactions, shedding of live vaccine organisms

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13
Q

what does it mean if a vaccine says prevents infection with?

A

product is able to prevent all colonization or replication of the challenge microorganism in vaccinated & challenged animals

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14
Q

what does it mean if a vaccine says indicated for the prevention of disease?

A

product provides complete or partial protection from severe clinical signs of disease in most animals

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15
Q

what does it mean if a vaccine says indicated as an aid in the prevention of disease?

A

product efficacy is significantly different between vaccines & controls but not at the level as the other statements

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16
Q

what intranasal vaccine is considered to be core for shelter dogs?

A

bordetella bronchiseptica

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17
Q

what vaccine is used for disease treatment & not prevention?

A

canine oral melanoma vaccine

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18
Q

T/F: a vaccinated dog for western diamond back rattlesnakes still requires treatment if bit

A

true

19
Q

what is an adjuvant?

A

used in killed agent vaccines to enhance the immune response & is associated with a local inflammatory reaction at the injection site

20
Q

what are the pros & cons of killed vaccines?

A

pros - more stable than live or attenuated

cons - only cell mediated immunity for helper t cells, more likely to have a hypersensitivity reaction, & usually requires at least 2 initial doses 2-6 weeks apart (rabies is exception) so one to prime the immune system & second is to immunize

21
Q

what does it mean that killed vaccines predominately make systemic antibodies?

A

there is little to no secretory IgA on mucosal surfaces

poor protection at mucosal surfaces of respiratory & gi tract

22
Q

what is required of an animal to be able to give an attenuated live vaccine? what is the main risk of giving this vaccine?

A

normal host immune response required

may revert to virulence

23
Q

serologic testing is used to monitor immunity for what? why use it?

A

distemper, parvovirus, adenovirus, & rabies virus

can use after 16 weeks to ensure immunity or ensure protection in cases of previous adverse reactions to vaccines (sometimes used in lieu of CDV/CPV revaccination but CANNOT BE USED IN PLACE OF RABIES VACCINE BY LAW

24
Q

what kind of testing is the gold standard for CDV? what about CPV?

A

virus neutralization

virus neutralization & hemagglutination inhibition

25
Q

what is a vaccine adverse event?

A

appetite loss, pain at injection site, lethargy, reluctance to walk/run, mild fever

may be expected for 2-3 days after vaccination

26
Q

does an adverse vaccine event predict future risk to vaccines?

A

nope

27
Q

what clinical signs after a vaccine require veterinarian intervention immediately? what should be done if this happens?

A

severe vomiting/diarrhea, seizures, facial swelling, collapse, or difficulty breathing

report to technical services section of vaccine manufacturer & report to APHIS center for veterinary biologies

28
Q

what are some examples of injection site reactions from vaccines?

A

abscess, granulomas, seroma, pain, swelling, hair loss associated with ischemic vasculitis

29
Q

why does anaphylaxis after a vaccine not predict future risk?

A

type 1 hypersensitivity - usually happens due to constituent proteins of the manufacturing process

30
Q

what are examples of type 2 hypersensitivity reactions to vaccines?

A

ctolytic - avoid future vaccination if possible!!!

IMHA, ITP

31
Q

what are examples of type 3 hypersensitivity reactions to vaccines?

A

immune complex formation - avoid future vaccination if possible

cutaneous ischemic vasculopathy (rabies), corneal edema (blue eye) associated with adenovirus vaccine & immune mediated disease

32
Q

what happens in puppies that fail to immunize?

A

puppy has enough maternal antibodies to block vaccine - most common

inactivation of vaccine - improper storage/handling, reusing syringes, & cleansing skin with alcohol before vaccination can inactivate

dog is a poor responder/immune system doesn’t recognize as an antigen

33
Q

what is tumorigenesis?

A

vaccine associated sarcoma or other tumor

34
Q

what is multisystemic infectious inflammatory disorder of young weimeraners?

A

may be genetically linked to immunodeficiency & autoimmune disorders

hypothyroidism, HO

35
Q

what is vaccine-induced immunosuppression?

A

associated with 1st or 2nd dose of combo MLV containing CDV, CAV-1, or CAV-2

begins within 3 days of vaccine administration & persists for 7-10 days

36
Q

what are some reactions caused by incorrect administration of vaccines?

A

fatalities reported after SQ administration of avirulent b. bronchiseptica bacterin which is intended for intranasal administration - bordetella & parainfluenza

37
Q

what are examples of vaccine-induced interference with diagnostic tests?

A

false positive PCR test results for parvo antigen in feces - not an adverse reaction

38
Q

what are examples of reactions associated with residual virulence of attenuated vaccines?

A

post-vaccine sneezing seen with intranasal attenuated vaccines (bordetella & parainfluenza)

39
Q

what is an example of reversion of vaccine virus to virulent pathogen?

A

generally rare when used as licensed - more of a problem when used unlicensed with wild or exotic animals

40
Q

T/F: vaccines are intended to be used on healthy, non-pregnant dogs

A

true

41
Q

how does glucocorticoid therapy impact vaccination in dogs?

A

short term treatment should not have a significant suppressive effect on antibody production but it is a good idea to re-vaccinate 2-3 after long term steroid therapy has ended

42
Q

T/F: do not give vaccinations more often than every 2 weeks even if different

A

true

43
Q

why not vaccinate colostrum-derived puppies earlier than 4 weeks of age?

A

may cause heart & CNS damage

44
Q

what dogs should you avoid vaccinating?

A

pregnant dogs - potential injury to fetus

dogs receiving immunosuppressive or cytotoxic therapy

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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