Canine Flash Notes - Horner's Syndrome Flashcards
what is the common clinical presentation of horner’s syndrome?
‘my third sunken toe’
miosis - affected pupil won’t dilate in the dark
prolapse of the nictitating membrane (3rd eyelid)
enophthalmos - sunken eye
ptosis
what clinical signs are seen in horses with horner’s syndrome?
ipsilateral sweating at the base of the ear/neck/face
skin hyperthermia
what clinical signs are seen in cattle with horner’s syndrome?
ipsilateral lack of sweat on the face/muzzle
what clinical signs may help you localize a lesion causing horner’s syndrome due to otitis media/interna?
head tilt towards the side of the lesion, nystagmus, facial nerve paralysis
paresis of the thoracic limb may help you localize a lesion causing horner’s syndrome due to what?
BPA or a nerve root tumor
if an animal with horner’s syndrome also has respiratory distress, where would you guess the lesion to be?
thoracic mass of some sort
if a patient presents with horner’s syndrome along with tetraparesis & altered mentation, where would you localize the lesion?
central brain lesion
what is the diagnostic of choice for diagnosing a central lesion causing horner’s syndrome?
MRI of the brain/C1-T3
myelography of C1-T3
what is the diagnostic of choice for diagnosing a pre-ganglionic lesion causing horner’s syndrome?
EMG, MRI of the brachial plexus, & thoracic radiographs
what is the diagnostic of choice for diagnosing a post-ganglionic lesion causing horner’s syndrome?
CT of the skill
what is the most common cause of horner’s syndrome? what are the main two others?
- idiopathic - approximately 50% of canine cases
- otitis media/interna
- BPA
how can an inadvertent perivascular jugular injection cause horner’s syndrome?
the injection is done too close to the sympathetic trunk
T/F: there is no treatment necessary for horner’s disease itself
true
