Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Canine Top Cardiac Diseases - Part 3 > Flashcards

Canine Top Cardiac Diseases - Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what breeds are predisposed to HCM?

A

maine coons & ragdolls - males may be predisposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the classic case presentation of HCM?

A

usually no murmur/arrhythmia, tachypnea, dyspnea, paraplegia, or monoplegia due to thromboembolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is seen on rads of a cat with HCM?

A

cardiomegaly, dilated left atrium, pulmonary edema, & pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is seen on echo of a cat with HCM?

A

atrial dilation, left ventricular wall thickening, papillary muscle hypertrophy, systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, & echo contrast (smoke) in dilated left atrium due to swirling of RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what screening can be done for HCM?

A

NT-proBNP for occult HCM that is then confirmed with an echo & genetic testing of myosin binding protein C3 for the A31P/A74T mutation in maine coons or the C820T mutation in ragdolls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what treatment is used for HCM?

A

for CHF, O2 therapy, loop diuretics, pimobendan, ace inhibitors, b-blockers if left ventricular outflow obstruction on echo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what in hospital treatment is used for prevention of thromboembolism in cats with HCM?

A

anticoagulant heparin, analgesia, & CHF treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what at home treatment can be used for preventing thromboembolisms in cats with HCM?

A

clopidogrel to prevent thromboembolism & enoxaparin to treat thromboembolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the prognosis of HCM depend on?

A

the presentation, severity of disease, & response to treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what seen on an echo puts a cat with HCM at rick of a thromboembolism?

A

evidence of echo contrast in dilated left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what genetic testing is done for HCM?

A

maine coon & ragdoll cats - don’t breed homozygous cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: decompensated cats with CHF are often hypothermic on presentation

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the top 3 heart block patterns seen?

A

2nd degree, 3rd degree, & sick sinus syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what clinical signs are seen with 2nd degree av block?

A

only seen with high grade - exercise intolerance & syncope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what clinical signs are seen with 3rd degree av block?

A

dogs - syncope cats - rarely have clinical signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what clinical signs are seen with sick sinus syndrome?

A

clinical signs are due to severe bradycardia, sinoatrial arrest, or tachycardia - exercise intolerance & syncope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the breed predilection for sick sinus syndrome?

A

mini schnauzers, westies, & cockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the 3 main types of 2nd degree block?

A

mobitz type I, mobitz type II, & high grade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is seen on ecg for 2nd degree mobitz type I block?

A

successive prolongation of P-R interval until a QRS is absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is seen on ecg for 2nd degree mobitz type II block?

A

fixed p-r interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is seen on high grade 2nd degree av block?

A

many p waves are not conducted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how is 2nd degree block diagnosed?

A

ecg - look for an occasional unconducted atrial beat, one or more p waves not followed by a QRS complex, but otherwise normal p waves & QRS complexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is seen on ecg/holter monitor of 3rd degree block?

A

complete dissociation of atrial/ventricular activity & no relationship between the p wave & QRS complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is seen on ecg/holter monitor of sick sinus syndrome

A

sinus bradycardia alone, sinus rhythm with long inappropriate pauses (sinoatrial arrest) between p-qrs complexes, +/- varying tachycardia (brady-tachy syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what may be seen on echo for 2nd degree block, 3rd degree block, & sick sinus syndrome?

A

look for any structural disease to explain arrhythmias & assess heart changes secondary to bradycardia including chamber enlargement or valvular insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the purpose of using an atropine response test on a dog with sick sinus syndrome?

A

to determine whether it is physiologic (positive response) or pathologic (no change)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what treatment is indicated for 2nd degree block?

A

theophylline (sympathomimetic), terbutaline (sympathomimetic), or propantheline (parasympatholytic) - pacemaker if high grade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what treatment is indicated for 3rd degree block?

A

pacemaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what treatment is indicated for sick sinus syndrome?

A

bradyarrhythmias - sympathomimetic or parasympatholytic, pacemaker, for brady-tachy syndrome address bradyarrhythmia as meds to control tachycardia can worsen the bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

T/F: for sick sinus syndrome & 2nd degree heart block, medication is only indicated if bradycardia is causing clinical signs

A

TRUE

31
Q

why should 3rd degree heart block always be treated?

A

there is a risk of sudden death

32
Q

what are the top 5 congenital cardiac conditions?

A

PDA, subaortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, atrial or ventricular septal defects, & teralogy of fallot

33
Q

what are the breed predilections for PDA?

A

poodles, chi chi, maltese, bichon, poms, GSD, labs, & newfoundlands

34
Q

what is the classical clinical presentation of PDA?

A

continuous left base washing machine murmur - females usually affected more than males

35
Q

what is the classical clinical presentation of reverse PDA?

A

cyanotic mucus membranes in caudal body (vulva/prepuce) with pink gingiva & absence of the washing machine murmur

36
Q

what is the breed predilection for pulmonic stenosis?

A

frenchies, english bulldogs, labs, beagles, samoyeds, & cocker spaniels

37
Q

what is the classic case presentation of pulmonic stenosis?

A

systolic left base murmur

38
Q

what is the breed predilection for subaortic stenosis?

A

goldens, rotties, mastiffs, newfoundlands, boxers, german shepherds

39
Q

what is the classic case presentation of subaortic stenosis?

A

systolic left base murmur that may be auscultable at the thoracic inlet

40
Q

what is the breed predilection of ASD/VSD?

A

for ASD - english springer spaniel

41
Q

what is the cliassic case presentation of ASD/VSD?

A

ASD - typically no murmur VSD - possible right thoracic systolic murmur

42
Q

what is the breed predilection for tetralogy of fallot?

A

english bulldogs, samoyeds, keeshonds, & terriers

43
Q

what is the classic case presentation of tetralogy of fallot?

A

exercise intolerance, syncope, left systolic murmur, differential cyanosis (mucus membranes in caudal half of body more cyanotic)

44
Q

what is the etiology of reverse PDA?

A

severe pulmonary hypertension exceeds the systemic pressure causing blood to flow from right to left through the ductus, the caudal body becomes hypoxic, & renal perfusion with hypoxemic blood causes the release of erythropoietin resulting in polycythemia

45
Q

what is the etiology of PDA?

A

persistent patenty of fetal ductus arteriosus after birth

46
Q

what is seen on radiographs of a dog with a PDA? what about echo?

A

rads - left atrial/ventricular enlargement, distinct pulmonary artery & descending aorta, ductus bulge echo - variable left atrial/ventricular dilation, continuous turbulent blood flow in pulmonary artery, & visible ductus emptying into the pulmonary artery

47
Q

what is seen on radiographs of a dog with SAS? what about echo?

A

rads - prominent ascending aortic bulge & left ventricular enlargement echo - turbulent high velocity doppler flow through the aortic valve, subvalvular narrowing of the left outflow tract due to a band of tissue, & varying left ventricular hypertrophy

48
Q

what is seen on rads of a dog with PS? what about echo?

A

rads - right cardiomegaly & main pulmonary artery bulge echo - high velocity outflow past pulmonary valve, irregular/stenotic pulmonic valves, post-stenotic dilation of the pulmonary artery, pulmonic insufficiency, varying right ventricular hypertrophy/dilation - english bulldogs may have concurrent pulmonary artery abnormalities

49
Q

what is seen on rads of a dog with ASD/VSD? what about echo?

A

rads for asd - dilated pulmonary artery & right ventricular dilation rads for vsd - dilated pulmonary artery & left atrial/ventricular dilation echo - visualization of the septal defect

50
Q

what is seen on a CBC from a dog with tetralogy of fallot?

A

polycythemia secondary to chronic hypoxia!!

51
Q

what are the 4 cardinal signs of tetralogy of fallot on echo?

A

interventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, & over-riding aorta

52
Q

what treatment is indicated for a reverse PDA?

A

no occlusion!!!!! phlebotomy to treat polycythemia

53
Q

what treatment is indicated for a PDA?

A

surgical ligation (thoracotomy), minimaly invasive transarterial occlusion, transarterial coil, & manage CHF is present

54
Q

what is the treatment used for SAS?

A

atenolol to decrease the risks of arrhythmias - intervention/surgery isn’t successful

55
Q

what is the treatment used for PS?

A

percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty if severe & in english bulldogs, concurrent pulmonary artery anomalies/aberrant carotid artery bands make intervention tricky

56
Q

what is the treatment used for ASD/VSD?

A

small defect - no treatment large defect - patch graft repair (not commonly done for ASD), & for vsd - amlodipine for aterial vasodilation to reduce afterload

57
Q

what is the treatment used for teralogy of fallot?

A

b-blockers, therapeutic phlebotomy if erythrocytosis, & no good surgical/intervention available

58
Q

what is an innocent murmur?

A

soft murmur before 16 weeks of age in an asymptomatic puppy that should be reassessed after 16 weeks

59
Q

what is the prognosis for PDA?

A

with repair, good, without repair, guarged to poor prognosis as it will progress to CHF

60
Q

what is the prognosis of SAS?

A

mild to moderate - dogs can live a normal life & severe - poor long term, average life span of 3 years

61
Q

what is the prognosis of PS?

A

mild to moderate, normal lives, severe - if successful balloon valvuloplasty can be normal, but if unsuccessful/not possible, guarded to poor long term

62
Q

what is the prognosis of ASD/VSD?

A

small defects is good & large defect is guarded

63
Q

what is the prognosis of teralogy of fallot?

A

death at a young age is common in animals that are hemodynamically affected by the defects

64
Q

what is the breed predilection of endocarditis?

A

dogs over 4 years - GSD, labs, boxers, dobermans - may have concurrent congenital heart disease (SAS/mitral dysplasia)

65
Q

what is the classic case presentation of endocarditis?

A

signs of systemic illness (lethargy, anorexia, weakness), intermittent lameness, fever, & signs of CHF (cough, tachypnea, dyspnea) - approximately 26% don’t have a murmur

66
Q

what are the bacterias that can cause endocarditis?

A

strep, staph, klebsiella, e coli, & bartonella

67
Q

what is seen on echo of a dog with endocarditis?

A

thickened hyperechoic valve, pedunculated mass on valve leaflet, +/- secondary chamber dilation

68
Q

what is seen on cbc, chem, urinalysis, & blood/urine cultures in a dog with endocarditis?

A

CBC - leukocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, chem - azotemia urinalysis - proteinuria & cultures for listed bacterias

69
Q

what treatment is used for endocarditis?

A

antibiotics for 2-3 months ideally based on culture/testing, broad spectrum (ampicillin/amoxicillin, cephalosporin combined with fluorinated quinolone - cidal drugs are best), for bartonella - combo of fluorinated quinolone & doxycycline, & treat for CHF (oxygen, furosemide, pimobendan)

70
Q

how is bartonellosis causing endocarditis prevented?

A

flea control

71
Q

what is the prognosis of endocarditis involving the mitral valve? what about the aortic?

A

mitral valve is more favorable than aortic valve

72
Q

T/F: a new murmur, especially a diastolic one, in a systemically ill dog should prompt evaluation for endocarditis

A

TRUE

73
Q

T/F: there is no specific treatment for valve damage & secondary valvular insufficiency from endocarditis

A

TRUE

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions