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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Porcine Top Respiratory Diseases > Flashcards

Porcine Top Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what clinical signs are seen with porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome in breeding herds?

A

abortions, early farrowing, anorexia, up to 100% neonatal mortality

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2
Q

what clinical signs are seen with porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome in growing pigs?

A

transient disease with up to 20% mortality - cough, fever, & secondary infections with strep suis, glaserella parasuis, & mycoplasma species

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3
Q

what is the etiology of porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome?

A

RNA arterivirus (different strains) that invade pulmonary alveolar macrophages

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4
Q

what is seen on necropsy with PRRS?

A

lungs fail to collapse with mutlifocal consolidation & enlarged lymph nodes

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5
Q

what is seen on histopath of PRRS?

A

necrotizing interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid hyperplasia, & focal follicular necrosis

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6
Q

T/F: in PRRS pigs, if it is a low level of infection & not causing significant economic losses may do nothing but monitor

A

TRUE

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7
Q

what is the most costly disease in pig production?

A

PRRS

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8
Q

why is biosecurity so important in preventing PRRS?

A

highly contagious & infectious disease - must test new animals prior to entry

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9
Q

what is the treatment for PRRS?

A

none - supportive care to prevent secondary infections

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10
Q

what is the classic case presentation of acute influenza a in pigs?

A

transient disease that is worse in younger pigs & better in vaccinated pigs - sudden onset of fever & cough, 100% morbidity, & nasal discharge

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11
Q

what signs are seen in endemic IAV in sow farms/nurseries?

A

poor reproductive performance, piglets coughing in farrowing crates, & cough/poor performance in nursery

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12
Q

what gross lesions are seen in IAV?

A

sharply demarcated multifocal areas of consolidation

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13
Q

what microscopic lesions are seen in IAV?

A

degeneration/necrosis of the epithelium in the bronchi/bronchiolo, hyperemia & dilation of the capillaries, & infiltration of alveolar septae with lymphocytes

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14
Q

how is IAV diagnosed?

A

PCR on oral fluids, nasal swabs on febrile pigs for PCR, & PCR on lung tissue

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15
Q

what treatment is done for an outbreak of IAV?

A

supportive care (aspirin, NSAIDS), get fevers down so they will eat/drink, & treat bacterial infections with abx

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16
Q

how is IAV prevented?

A

vaccination of piglets & sows - homologous vaccine is best

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17
Q

why is IAV no longer called swine flu?

A

because it is zoonotic & can affect humans/other animals

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18
Q

T/F: IAV is one of the most common respiratory pathogens of pigs

A

TRUE

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19
Q

what is the classic case presentation of actinobacillus suis in pigs?

A

acute death (affects all ages from sows/neonates to finishing pigs) may be accompanied by cough, lethargy, epistaxis, & sometimes discoloration of the ears - respiratory distress in finishing pigs (dyspnea & acute death)

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20
Q

what is the etiology of actinobacillus suis?

A

ubiquitous small gram negative rod

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21
Q

what gross lesions are seen with actinobacillus suis?

A

petechial/ecchymotic hemorrhages in multiple organs, serous/serosanguinous exudates in thx/abd cavities, pleuritis/pericarditis/arthritis/miliary abscesses in variety of organs

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22
Q

what microscopic lesions are seen in actinobacillus suis?

A

foci of necrosis in multiple organs associated with bacterial thromboemboli

23
Q

how is actinobacillus suis spread?

A

spread with nose to nose contact

24
Q

how is actinobacillus suis treated?

A

abx, abx for pigs that have been nose to nose with piglets that died, & follow abx with water if needed

25
Q

what is the prognosis of actinobacillus suis infections in pigs?

A

good with treatment

26
Q

T/F: actinobacillus suis can be the primary pathogen causing disease but it can also be associated with viral diseases & it is sporadic making it difficult to prevent

A

TRUE

27
Q

how is actinobacillus suis diagnosed?

A

culture visible lesions at necropsy

28
Q

what are the 2 syndromes seen with porcine circovirus in pigs early in grower (older than 10 weeks)?

A

post weaning wasting multisystemic syndrome (diarrhea) & porcine dermatitis & nephropathy syndrome (pale to icteric skin with coalescing raised red to purple lesions covering the rump)

29
Q

how are gilts in sow herds affected by porcine circovirus?

A

increased mummified fetuses & late term abortions

30
Q

what is the etiology of porcine circovirus?

A

small non-enveloped DNA virus

31
Q

what gross lesions are seen with porcine circovirus?

A

enlarged lymph nodes, lungs don’t collapse with interlobular edema, & kidneys are enlarged/pale & subcapsular surface surface may have white spotted foci

32
Q

what microscopic lesions are seen with porcine circovirus?

A

lymphocytic histiocytic infiltration of lymphoid tissues & sloughing of lung epithelium with fibroplasia

33
Q

how is porcine circovirus diagnoed?

A

gross/microscopic lesions, PCR on oral fluids, IHC/PCR on lung tissue/lymph nodes & histopathologic lesions of lymphocytic histiocytic infiltration of lymphoid tissue

34
Q

what treatment is used for porcine circovirus?

A

no treatment

35
Q

what is the prognosis of porcine circovirus?

A

poor in unvaccinated/undervaccinated pigs

36
Q

T/F: porcine circovirus is ubiquitous in pigs world wide

A

TRUE

37
Q

how is porcine circovirus prevented?

A

vaccination

38
Q

mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes what disease in pigs?

A

enzootic pneumonia

39
Q

what is the classic case presentation of enzootic pneumonia in pigs?

A

deep barking/non-productive cough & pigs stop growing - may occur in sow farms if positive animals are introduced to a negative farm

40
Q

what is the etiology of enzootic pneumonia of pigs?

A

slow growing bacterium - mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

41
Q

what gross lesions are seen with enzootic pneumonia?

A

cranioventral consolidation of the lungs (apical, cardiac, & accessory)

42
Q

what microscopic lesions are seen with enzootic pneumonia?

A

lymphocytes in perivascular, peribronchial, & peribronchiolar tissues, & cuffing/lymphoid hyperplasia around the airways

43
Q

how is enzootic pneumonia diagnosed?

A

not a good candidate for culture - PCR on lung, oral fluids, & tonsil scraping & ELISA in negative herds

44
Q

how is enzootic pneumonia treated?

A

nothing - prevent with vaccination

45
Q

how is enzootic pneumonia prevented?

A

vaccinate piglets twice & in replacement gilts depending on the status of sow herd they are entering - antimicrobials guring outbreaks in late finishing pigs - hard to eliminate cough in pigs

46
Q

T/F: poor growth may persist after infection from enzootic pneumonia

A

TRUE

47
Q

what age of pigs are often affected by atrophic rhinitis?

A

3-6 week old piglets

48
Q

what clinical signs are seen with atrophic rhinitis?

A

sneezing, nasal discharge, tear staining, & decreased growth rate

49
Q

what is the etiology of atrophic rhinitis?

A

bordetella bronchiseptica & pasteurella multocida

50
Q

what gross lesions are seen with atrophic rhinitis?

A

mild to moderate turbinate atrophy & deviation of nasal septum

51
Q

what microscopic lesions are seen with atrophic rhinitis?

A

disruption of normal bone formation in the turbinates

52
Q

how is atrophic rhinitis prevented?

A

vaccination - sow twice at pre-farrowing, piglets twice, & abx to sow at parturition

53
Q

T/F: atrophic rhinitis is no longer a major health concern in the USA but it is still found at slaughter surveillance

A

TRUE

54
Q

T/F: usually mild disease & turbinate damage may be reversible in some cases of atrophic rhinitis

A

TRUE

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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