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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Poultry Top Topics - Top 20 Poultry Diseases Part 1 > Flashcards

Poultry Top Topics - Top 20 Poultry Diseases Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the other name for newcastle disease?

A

avian pneumoencephalitis

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2
Q

what is the classic case presentation of newcastle disease?

A

acute onset of severe respiratory and/or neurologic and/or gi signs

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3
Q

what respiratory signs are seen in newcastle disease?

A

gasping, sneezing, coughing, facial edema causing square head, & reddened lower eyelid over the lymphoid patch

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4
Q

what neuro signs are seen in newcastle disease?

A

paralysis, tremors, droopy wings, torticollis, circling, but bright & alert despite severe neuro deficits

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5
Q

what gi signs are seen in newcastle disease?

A

watery green diarrhea

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6
Q

what other clinical signs apart from respiratory, neuro, & gi may be seen in chickens with newcastle disease?

A

sometimes sudden death

decreased egg production with thin shells & watery albumin

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7
Q

what is the etiology of newcastle disease?

A

RNA avian paramyxovirus-1

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8
Q

what is the gold standard test for dead & alive birds with newcastle disease?

A

dead birds - virus isolation on lung, kidneys, or gi tract

live birds - virus isolation from nasopharyngeal & tracheal exudate swabs

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9
Q

what lesions seen on necropsy are almost pathognomonic for newcastle disease?

A

multifocal necrosis, hemorrhagic intestinal mucosa especially at lymphoid foci (cecal tonsils)

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10
Q

how is ICPI used in chickens?

A

for newcastle disease - day old chicks are inoculated to determine virulence of newcastle

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11
Q

how will a newcastle disease positive chicken test on hemagglutination?

A

positive

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12
Q

how is RT-PCR used on newcastle chickens?

A

done for pathotyping & genotyping

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13
Q

how is newcastle disease treated?

A

no treatment - have to cull all birds on the premises

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14
Q

how is newcastle disease prevented?

A

good management practices as the disease spreads quickly through facilities through aerosol exposure

indoor operations are better - outdoor flocks are at a higher risk

vaccines in countries where virulent virus disease outbreaks occur

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15
Q

T/F: outdoor flocks are at a larger risk of getting newcastle than indoor flocks

A

true

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16
Q

how are the different types of avian paramyxovirus labeled based on ICPI?

A

how fast they kill embryos post-inoculation

lentogenic - slow, used in vaccines & not reportable

mesogenic - medium

velogenic - fast & divided into 2 categories: viscerotropic (gi) velogenic newcastle disease & neurotropic (brain) velogenic newcastle disease

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17
Q

how do different strains of APV1/PMV-1 vary?

A

differences in surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin-neurominidase (HN), & fusion (F)

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18
Q

what strains of newcastle disease are reportable in the united states?

A

mesogenic & velogenic strains

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19
Q

what is the zoonotic risk of newcastle disease?

A

causes transitory conjunctivitis in humans

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20
Q

what is the classic case presentation of marek’s disease?

A

clinical signs based on which organs/tissues t-lymphocytes infiltrate

sciatic nerve paralysis - one foot forward & one back

gray eye - lymphocytic infiltration of iris

affects young chickens 2-5 months old - decreased growth rate, egg production, & enlarged feather follicles which are a cause of condemnation

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21
Q

what is the etiology of marek’s disease?

A

oncogenic lymphotrophic alphaherpesvirus genus mardivirus

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22
Q

how is marek’s disease diagnosed?

A

virus isolation, PCR (for viral dna in lymphoid tumors), AGID

histopath & IHC

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23
Q

what found on necropsy helps to distinguish marek’s disease from lymphoid leukosis?

A

the bursa is rarely affected & is usually atrophic in marek’s

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24
Q

where are lymphoid tumors from marek’s disease found in the body? what else is seen at necropsy?

A

liver, spleen, gonads, heart, lungs, kidney, muscles, & proventriculus

enlarged peripheral nerves - especially sciatic nerve

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25
Q

how is marek’s disease treated?

A

none - supportive care in pet poultry

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26
Q

what prophylactic treatment is done to prevent marek’s disease?

A

vaccinate in ovo or day old chicks to decrease shedding

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27
Q

the virus that causes marek’s disease causes what in chickens?

A

lymphoproliferative disease/neoplasia

28
Q

how is marek’s disease transmitted?

A

no vertical transmission!!!!

horizontal transmission mainly via inhalation of aerosolized chicken dander that can travel on wind between flocks

29
Q

what serves as the main reservoir of marek’s disease?

A

silent recovered lifelong carriers

30
Q

T/F: the virus that causes marek’s disease is practically ubiquitous, so all flocks are assumed to be infected

A

true

31
Q

you see enlarged sciatic nerves on necropsy of a chicken, so what disease are you thinking?

A

marek’s disease

32
Q

what clinical signs are seen with low pathogenicity avian influenza?

A

mild to moderate respiratory signs, poor weight gain, & egg drop

33
Q

what clinical signs are seen with high pathogenicity avian influenza?

A

fowl plague - peracute death, prostration, cyanosis of head/appendages/petechiation in viscera, oral/nasal bloody discharge, diarrhea, neuro signs, hemorrhages of the limbs, & disease that spreads rapidly

34
Q

what is the etiology of avian influenza/fowl plague?

A

orthomyxovirus, influenza type a

35
Q

how is avian influenza typed?

A

virus isolation in eggs from clinical samples with RT-PCR

hemagglutination positive

hemagglutinin & neuraminidase typing & subtyping also done by inhibition tests using antisera

36
Q

what subtypes of high pathogenicity avian influenza are most often implicated in disease?

A

H5 & H7 HPAI

37
Q

how is avian influenza prevented?

A

autologous vaccine that requires state veterinarian approval & strict biosecurity

38
Q

how is HPAI treated? how is LPAI treated?

A

HPAI - no treatment, depopulate

LPAI - supportive care & abx

39
Q

what type of avian influenza is reportable?

A

HPAI - H5N1 & H7N& can be fatal to humans

40
Q

how are waterfowl/seabirds implicated in spreading avian influenza?

A

disease often carried long distances by subclinically infected waterfowl or sea birds

41
Q

what is a major concern with containment of avian influenza?

A

gene re-assortment occurs in developing countries or in markets where humans, fowl, & swine intermix creating new genotypes

42
Q

if you have a sick chicken that presents clinically like this, what disease are you thinking about?

A

HPAI

43
Q

T/F: HPAI is reportable & zoonotic

A

true

44
Q

what can happen in a bird that recovers from infectious laryngotracheitis?

A

latent infection - can recrudesce when birds are stressed

45
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a bird with infectious laryngotracheitis?

A

acute outbreak of gasping, coughing, conjunctivitis, dyspnea, blood stained beaks in chickens under 4 weeks old, decreased egg production

variable mortality but often high

46
Q

what clinical signs are seen in cases of chronic infectious laryngotracheitis?

A

poor weight gain in broilers

47
Q

what is the etiology of infectious laryngotracheitis?

A

gallid herpesvirus 1

48
Q

what is seen on necropsy/histopath of birds with infectious laryngotracheitis?

A

necropsy - blood, mucus, caseous exudate, or hollow cast in trachea

histopath - inclusion bodies

49
Q

how are flocks screened for infectious laryngotracheitis?

A

ELISA or virus neutralization serological tests

50
Q

how are clinical cases of infectious laryngotracheitis diagnosed?

A

virus isolation or PCR

51
Q

how is infectious laryngotracheitis treated?

A

no treatment - immediately vaccinate adults during an outbreak

52
Q

how is infectious laryngotracheitis prevented?

A

biosecurity & vaccination

53
Q

why not vaccinate chickens with attenuated vaccines for infectious laryngotracheitis?

A

regularly has resulted in disease through serial virus passage in vaccinates

54
Q

T/F: birds that recover from infectious laryngotracheitis are lifelong carriers

A

true

55
Q

how is infectious laryngotracheitis transmitted?

A

seen worldwide - transmitted horizontally through aerosol & fomites

56
Q

T/F: infectious laryngotracheitis is a reportable disease in fowl

A

true

57
Q

what is the classic case presentation of infectious bronchitis seen in the youngest birds?

A

acute onset upper respiratory signs (sneezing, conjunctivitis, swelling) & lower respiratory signs (dyspnea, rales, coughing)

58
Q

what is the classic case presentation of infectious bronchitis seen in the breeders & laying birds?

A

sharp decrease in egg production & misshapen or wrinkled egg shells

59
Q

what is the morbidity & mortality like for infectious bronchitis of birds?

A

variable mortality but almost 100% morbidity

60
Q

what is the etiology of infectious bronchitis?

A

RNA coronavirus

61
Q

what is seen on necropsy of birds with infectious bronchitis?

A

white urates in renal tubules

62
Q

what hemagglutination result would a bird with infectious bronchitis have?

A

NEGATIVE

63
Q

how is infectious bronchitis diagnosed?

A

virus isolation in chick embryo & paired serology

64
Q

how is infectious bronchitis treated?

A

none - supportive care, abx for secondary infections

65
Q

how is infectious bronchitis prevented?

A

vaccines & strict biosecurity

66
Q

T/F: infectious bronchitis in birds is a common contagious disease with worldwide distribution that may be reportable in some states

A

true

67
Q

T/F: some strains of infectious bronchitis cause reproductive issues & some are nephrogenic

A

true

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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