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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Bovine Top Topic - Mastitis > Flashcards

Bovine Top Topic - Mastitis Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: 30-40% of mastitis milk cultures result in no growth & do not require treatment

A

TRUE

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2
Q

how is mastitis in cpws characterized?

A

clinical severeity score - quarter, udder, cow

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3
Q

what are the different clinical severity scores for mastitis in cows?

A

severeity 1: only the quarter is affected/inflammed, abnormal milk present, severity 2: entire udder demonstrates signs of inflammation (hard, hot udder with swollen mammary lymph nodes, difficult to milk), & severity 3: systemically ill cow, fever, off feed, recumbency in severe cases, high mortality without treatment, & often seen with coliforms due to endotoxemia

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4
Q

what does an environmental pathogen indicate in mastitis?

A

usually contracted from the bedding

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5
Q

what are some etiologies of environmental causes of mastitis?

A

coliforms (e. coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus, serratia), streptococcus, & coagulase negative staph

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6
Q

what does a contagious pathogen indicate in mastitis?

A

staph aureus, strep agalactiae (mostly eradicated), trueperlla pyogenes, & mycoplasma spp

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7
Q

what is the gold standard for diagnosing mastitis?

A

culture

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8
Q

how is mastitis usually diagnosed In cows?

A

california mastitis test - will see an increased somatic cell count

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9
Q

what is the normal number of somatic cells present in milk from healthy cows?

A

under 100,000

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10
Q

what treatment is indicated for mastitis with a severity score of 1 or 2 with no growth on culture?

A

no treatment - immune system has already cleared the pathogen, so discard milk until it returns to normal

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11
Q

what treatment is indicated for mastitis with a severity score of 1 or 2 that has positive growth on culture for gram-positive bacteria?

A

intramammary antibiotics

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12
Q

what treatment is indicated for mastitis with a severity score of 1 or 2 that has positive growth on culture for gram-negative bacteria or yeast?

A

usually no treatment - immune system will clear the pathogen, so discard milk until it returns to normal

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13
Q

what treatment is indicated for mastitis with a severity score of 3?

A

systemic antibiotics, fluids/electrolytes, flunixin for antipyretic/endotoxic binding effects, nutritional support, & milking out affected quarters as frequently as possible

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14
Q

how is mastitis prevented?

A

proper milking routines that minimize the spread of disease from cow to cow - pre & post dip cows with antimicrobial agent, minimize cross contamination between cows by milkers, & properly clean/sanitize all parlor equipment after milking

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15
Q

how is bedding management done to prevent mastitis?

A

remove manure frequently & add clean, dry bedding after milking

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16
Q

what is the benefit of supplying fresh feed for cows after milking?

A

encourages cows to stand after milking & allows external teat sphincter to close before lying down to help in preventing environmental infections

17
Q

T/F: you can treat cows with intramammary antibiotics at dry off to help cure chronic infections & add a teat sealant to protect the udder from new infections as well at this time

A

TRUE

18
Q

why should you cull cows with mastitis due to s. aureus & mycoplasma?

A

they don’t respond to antibiotics & infected animals will shed - need to protect the rest of the herd

19
Q

what are the parameters that are used for bulk tank milk when checking for mastitis?

A

less than 750,000 somatic cells/ml, less than 10 coliforms/ml, & less than 100,000 bacteria/ml

20
Q

what is the classic case of contagious mastitis in a cow?

A

typically see new cases in first 60 days of milk, often subclinical, & decreased milk production due to fibrosis & abscessation in the udder

21
Q

what is the etiology of contagious mastitis in cows?

A

staph aureus, mycoplasma, strep agalactiae, & strep dysgalactiae

22
Q

how is contagious mastitis transmitted?

A

cow to cow via cross-contact of infected udders - milking equipment or worker’s hands

23
Q

how is contagious mastitis diagnosed?

A

CMT - routine bulk tank sampling identifies new clinical cases - string sampling of cows in the parlor to identify affected cows

24
Q

how is contagious mastitis treated?

A

sanitation, proper milking procedures, wearing gloves, proper cleaning of equipment, segregate known positive cows & milk them last, cull infected animals due o inability to treat (especially staph aureus due to inconsistent shedding & abscess formation)

25
Q

T/F: contagious mastitis often causes subclinical mastitis

A

TRUE

26
Q

what is the classic case presentation of environmental mastitis?

A

acute or peracute for coliform, abnormal serosanguinous, watery, or chunky milk, inflamed/hard/hot quarter, & gram negative infections more commonly cause systemic signs & endotoxemia

27
Q

what is the etiology of environmental mastitis?

A

e. coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus, coagulase negative stapg, trueperella pyogenes, & corynebacterium bovis

28
Q

how is environmental mastitis transmitted?

A

most common is bedding, water, flies/biting insects, & increases with poor teat end health

29
Q

how is environmental mastitis diagnosed?

A

milk cultures on clinical cases

30
Q

how is environemental mastitis treated?

A

most gram negatives require no treatment if infection limited to the quarter, intramammary antibiotics for coagulase negative staph, yeast self cures with discontinuing of antibiotics, & systemic illness requires injectable antibiotics (ceftiofur & oxytetracycline most common) - vaccination available for coliforms & klebsiella

31
Q

T/F: coliform mastitis with a clinical severity score of 3 has the highest mortality rate of mastitis cases

A

TRUE

32
Q

T/F: coagulase negative staph species are opportunistic normal skin inhabitants that can cause environmental mastitis

A

TRUE

33
Q

what is the classic case presentation of gangrenous mastitis?

A

acute/peracute, high mortality - inflamed quarter that quickly progresses to cold/purple quarter, sloughing of necrotic epidermis on udder, & systemic signs of endotoxemia

34
Q

what is the etiology of gangrenous mastitis?

A

staph aureus most common, clostridium perfringens type a, & bacillus cereus rarely

35
Q

how is gangrenous mastitis transmitted?

A

contagious or environmental depending on etiology

36
Q

how is gangrenous mastitis diagnosed?

A

clinical signs

37
Q

how is gangrenous mastitis treated?

A

mastectomy drains the quarter of the abscess - mostly unrewarding, grave prognosis

38
Q

T/F: in gangrenous mastitis, endotoxemia is caused by gangren not by mastitis infections

A

TRUE

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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