Porcine Top Diarrhea - Part 2

Question 1

where are ascaris suum found in the body of pigs?

Answer 1

small intestines, liver, & lungs

Question 2

where are trichuris suis found in the body of pigs?

Answer 2

cecum!!!! also colon in heavy infections

Question 3

what are the clinical signs associated with ascaris suum infestation in pigs?

Answer 3

generated by competition between parasite & host for nutrients - decreased growth, variable size in same age pigs, unthriftiness, icterus if bile duct is blocked, & pneumonia from migration through the lungs

Question 4

what are the clinical signs associated with trichuris vulpis infestation in pigs?

Answer 4

diarrhea

Question 5

what gross lesions are seen with ascaris suus?

Answer 5

milk spots in the liver & see adults in the small intestines

Question 6

what is the most common parasite of pigs?

Answer 6

ascaris suum

Question 7

T/F: all pigs with pasture access should be considered to be exposed to ascaris suum, but herds raised indoors can also be affected

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

what is the life cycle of ascaris suum?

Answer 8

direct life cycle with no intermediate host

Question 9

what is the life cycle of trichuris vulpis?

Answer 9

direct life cycle

Question 10

how is trichuris suis treated in pigs?

Answer 10

fenbendazole, piperazine - repeat because exposure is usually continuous

Question 11

what are the etiologies involved in coronaviruses causing diarrhea in pigs of all ages?

Answer 11

transmissible gastroenteritis & porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

Question 12

what clinical signs are seen in pigs affected by coronaviruses causing diarrhea?

Answer 12

all ages will be affected in naïve herds with mortality being inversely proportional to age (neonatal mortality is highest), in piglets: profuse watery yellow diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, & vomiting, & in sows: inappetance, diarrhea, & vomiting

Question 13

what gross lesions are seen from coronaviruses causing diarrhea in pigs?

Answer 13

distended small intestines with thin, transparent walls full of watery to yellow contents

Question 14

what microscopic lesions are seen from coronaviruses causing diarrhea in pigs?

Answer 14

extreme villous blunting in jejunum especially in young animals

Question 15

how are coronaviruses that cause diarrhea in pigs treated?

Answer 15

expose all susceptible animals to infectious fecal material to create herd immunity

Question 16

what agent that causes diarrhea in pigs can cause secondary rectal strictures?

Answer 16

brachyspira hyodysenteriae (swine dysentery)

Question 17

what are the 3 main diseases that cause diarrhea in growing pigs ages 3 weeks to 6 months old?

Answer 17

gastric ulcers, lawsonia intracellularis, & swine dysentery

Question 18

what clinical signs are seen with gastric ulcers in pigs?

Answer 18

pale pig with black/tarry stool, sudden death - usually one to a few pigs affected

Question 19

what gross lesions are seen in pigs with gastric ulcers?

Answer 19

erosions & ulceration of the gastric squamous mucosa in the pars esophagea region

Question 20

what microscopic lesions are seen in pigs with gastric ulcers?

Answer 20

thickened stomach mucosa with erosion or parakeratosis

Question 21

what disease does lawsonia intracellularis cause in pigs?

Answer 21

porcine proliferative enteropathy/ileitis

Question 22

what clinical signs are seen with acute porcine proliferative enteritis? what about chronic?

Answer 22

acute: acute hemorrhagic proliferative enteropathy with black tarry feces, pallor, sudden death, & multiple animals affected, chronic: poor weight gain, size variability, & loose gray stool

Question 23

what gross lesions are seen in pigs with lawsonia intracellularis?

Answer 23

garden house gut, so ileum is increased in diameter with serosal surface having a marked ridged appearance, if acute will see inflammatory exudate & blood clots in the ileum

Question 24

what mircroscopic lesions are seen in pigs with lawsonia intracellularis?

Answer 24

enlarged branching crypts

Question 25

what gross lesions are seen in pigs with brachyspira hyodysenteriae?

Answer 25

enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, button ulcers in colon, edematous walls in ileum, cecum, & spiral colon, scant stomach & colon contents that may be bile stained or appear sandy

Question 26

what microscopic lesions are seen in pigs with brachyspira hyodysenteriae?

Answer 26

focal to diffuse necrosis of crypts & surface epithelium & fibronecrotic debris

Question 27

T/F: vaccination effectively prevents s. typhimurium & l. intracellularis in pigs

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

how do you prevent gastric ulcers in pigs?

Answer 28

increase particle size in feed & decrease stress/concurrent disease

Question 29

how is porcine proliferative enteropathy & brachyspira hyodysenteriae treated?

Answer 29

antimicrobials for bacterial causes & effective prevention with vaccines & sanitation