Cross Species - Top 30 Zoonotic Diseases Part 2 Flashcards
T/F: 75% of emerging human infectious diseases have an animal source & more than 17% of all infectious diseases are vector-borne
true
what is the classic case pr psittacosis in birds?
nonspecific signs - ruffled feathers, oculonasal discharge, hepatomegaly, weight loss
frequently asymptomatic
what are some other names for psittacosis?
avian chlamydiosis, ornithosis, & parrot fever
what are the clinical signs seen in humans with psittacosis?
KCS, flu like illness, & severe illness in pregnant women with abortion or premature birth
what is the etiology of psittacosis?
chlamydophila psittaci - coccoid obligate intracellular bacterium
primarily seen in psittacine birds & occasionally mammals
how is psittacosis transmitted in animals?
inhalation of contaminated dusts, ingestion of infected carcasses
shed in feces, respiratory, & oral secretions
how do humans get psittacosis? how is it prevented?
direct contact with infected birds, inhalation of contaminated materials
PPE & respiratory protection
T/F: psittacosis is a notifiable disease for OIE
true
how is psittacosis diagnosed?
culture of the bacteria must be done on tissue culture or embryonated chicken eggs
what is the classic case presentation of orf in sheep & goats?
hyperemic, crusty scabs around mouth/muzzle/around feet, anorexia, & lameness
what are the clinical signs of orf in humans?
crusty or vesicular lesions usually on hands
what is the etiology of orf virus?
parapoxvirus found in sheep, goats, & wild ungulates that is persistent in the environment
how do humans get orf? how is it prevented?
contact with infected animals (even those with no visible lesions)
contact with live vaccines
wear non-porous gloves when handling sheep & goats
what are some other names for orf?
contagious ecthyma or sore mouth
what is the classic case presentation of coxiellosis in ruminants?
late term abortion & anorexia
what is the classic case presentation of coxiellosis in humans?
q fever - asymptomatic in most people
flu like illness with pyrexia, chills, sore throat
abortion in pregnant women
endocarditis in people with pre-existing heart valve defects or immunosuppression
what is the etiology of coxiellosis?
coxiella burnetii - obligate intracellular bacterium that forms spore-like structures that persist in the environment
what animals are the most common reservoirs for coxiellosis?
sheep, goats, & cattle
how is coxiellosis spread to humans? how is it prevented?
inhalation, ingestion, & direct contact
PPE & respiratory protection
coxiellosis is found worldwide except for what country?
new zealand
what does the q mean in q fever?
query fever - name used when the causative agent was unknown
why is coxiellosis important for pasteurization?
historically, bovine tb (mycobacterium bovis) was the reason milk pasteurization ordinances were passed to protect children
however, c. burnetii is more heat resistant than m. bovis, so coxiella sets the US standards for minimum pasteurization temperatures
what is the classic case of cryptosporidiosis in calves?
diarrhea, tenesmus, weight loss, or may be asymptomatic
what is the classic case of cryptosporidiosis in humans?
profuse watery diarrhea & abdominal pain
what is the etiology of cryptosporidiosis?
cryptosporidium parvum - obligate intracellular coccidian parasite that is most common in young ruminants (especially calves)
not host specific & can infect any mammal that is highly resistant to disinfection including chlorination
how is cryptosporidiosis spread? how is it prevented?
fecal oral
PPE & face protection
T/F: cryptosporidiosis is a common cause of waterborne illness in humans
true
what is the classic case of dermatophytosis in animals?
circular lesions of alopecia and/or scaling
+/- miliary dermatitis & pruritus
what is the classic case presentation of dermatophytosis in humans?
erythema, scaling, inflammation, alopecia in normally haired regions, +/- circular lesions, or pruritus
what is the etiology of dermatophytosis?
microsporum or trichophyton species - keratin digesting fungi with a wide host range
predominant dermatophyte species varies by geography & host
how is dermatophytosis transmitted? how is it prevented?
contact with infectious conidia on infected hosts or environment
wear gloves/protecting clothing when handling infected animals
T/F: some, but not all, dermatophyte species will fluoresce under wood’s lamp (ultraviolet lamp)
true
