Cross Species - Top 30 Zoonotic Diseases Part 2

Question 1

T/F: 75% of emerging human infectious diseases have an animal source & more than 17% of all infectious diseases are vector-borne

Answer 1

true

Question 2

what is the classic case pr psittacosis in birds?

Answer 2

nonspecific signs - ruffled feathers, oculonasal discharge, hepatomegaly, weight loss

frequently asymptomatic

Question 3

what are some other names for psittacosis?

Answer 3

avian chlamydiosis, ornithosis, & parrot fever

Question 4

what are the clinical signs seen in humans with psittacosis?

Answer 4

KCS, flu like illness, & severe illness in pregnant women with abortion or premature birth

Question 5

what is the etiology of psittacosis?

Answer 5

chlamydophila psittaci - coccoid obligate intracellular bacterium

primarily seen in psittacine birds & occasionally mammals

Question 6

how is psittacosis transmitted in animals?

Answer 6

inhalation of contaminated dusts, ingestion of infected carcasses

shed in feces, respiratory, & oral secretions

Question 7

how do humans get psittacosis? how is it prevented?

Answer 7

direct contact with infected birds, inhalation of contaminated materials

PPE & respiratory protection

Question 8

T/F: psittacosis is a notifiable disease for OIE

Answer 8

true

Question 9

how is psittacosis diagnosed?

Answer 9

culture of the bacteria must be done on tissue culture or embryonated chicken eggs

Question 10

what is the classic case presentation of orf in sheep & goats?

Answer 10

hyperemic, crusty scabs around mouth/muzzle/around feet, anorexia, & lameness

Question 11

what are the clinical signs of orf in humans?

Answer 11

crusty or vesicular lesions usually on hands

Question 12

what is the etiology of orf virus?

Answer 12

parapoxvirus found in sheep, goats, & wild ungulates that is persistent in the environment

Question 13

how do humans get orf? how is it prevented?

Answer 13

contact with infected animals (even those with no visible lesions)

contact with live vaccines

wear non-porous gloves when handling sheep & goats

Question 14

what are some other names for orf?

Answer 14

contagious ecthyma or sore mouth

Question 15

what is the classic case presentation of coxiellosis in ruminants?

Answer 15

late term abortion & anorexia

Question 16

what is the classic case presentation of coxiellosis in humans?

Answer 16

q fever - asymptomatic in most people

flu like illness with pyrexia, chills, sore throat

abortion in pregnant women

endocarditis in people with pre-existing heart valve defects or immunosuppression

Question 17

what is the etiology of coxiellosis?

Answer 17

coxiella burnetii - obligate intracellular bacterium that forms spore-like structures that persist in the environment

Question 18

what animals are the most common reservoirs for coxiellosis?

Answer 18

sheep, goats, & cattle

Question 19

how is coxiellosis spread to humans? how is it prevented?

Answer 19

inhalation, ingestion, & direct contact

PPE & respiratory protection

Question 20

coxiellosis is found worldwide except for what country?

Answer 20

new zealand

Question 21

what does the q mean in q fever?

Answer 21

query fever - name used when the causative agent was unknown

Question 22

why is coxiellosis important for pasteurization?

Answer 22

historically, bovine tb (mycobacterium bovis) was the reason milk pasteurization ordinances were passed to protect children

however, c. burnetii is more heat resistant than m. bovis, so coxiella sets the US standards for minimum pasteurization temperatures

Question 23

what is the classic case of cryptosporidiosis in calves?

Answer 23

diarrhea, tenesmus, weight loss, or may be asymptomatic

Question 24

what is the classic case of cryptosporidiosis in humans?

Answer 24

profuse watery diarrhea & abdominal pain

Question 25

what is the etiology of cryptosporidiosis?

Answer 25

cryptosporidium parvum - obligate intracellular coccidian parasite that is most common in young ruminants (especially calves)

not host specific & can infect any mammal that is highly resistant to disinfection including chlorination

Question 26

how is cryptosporidiosis spread? how is it prevented?

Answer 26

fecal oral

PPE & face protection

Question 27

T/F: cryptosporidiosis is a common cause of waterborne illness in humans

Answer 27

true

Question 28

what is the classic case of dermatophytosis in animals?

Answer 28

circular lesions of alopecia and/or scaling

+/- miliary dermatitis & pruritus

Question 29

what is the classic case presentation of dermatophytosis in humans?

Answer 29

erythema, scaling, inflammation, alopecia in normally haired regions, +/- circular lesions, or pruritus

Question 30

what is the etiology of dermatophytosis?

Answer 30

microsporum or trichophyton species - keratin digesting fungi with a wide host range

predominant dermatophyte species varies by geography & host

Question 31

how is dermatophytosis transmitted? how is it prevented?

Answer 31

contact with infectious conidia on infected hosts or environment

wear gloves/protecting clothing when handling infected animals

Question 32

T/F: some, but not all, dermatophyte species will fluoresce under wood’s lamp (ultraviolet lamp)

Answer 32

true