Canine Flash Notes - Ethylene Glycol Toxicity Flashcards
what animals are susceptible to ethylene glycol toxicity? which is most common? which is most fatal?
all animals are susceptible - dogs are most common & cats are most fatal
what clinical signs are associated with ethylene glycol?
ataxia, PU/PD, depression, vomiting, tachycardia, lethargy, oliguria, dehydration, & seizures
what is the test of choice for diagnosing ethylene glycol toxicity?
react ethylene glycol test kit, serum osmolality (requires colloid osmometer), greater than 20 mOsm/kg is stringly suggestive
what is seen on a chemistry panel of a dog with ethylene glycol toxicity?
azotemia, hyperglycemia, hypo or hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, high anion gap over 25, & metabolic acidosis
what is seen on UA of a dog with ethylene glycol toxicity?
monohydrate calcium oxalate crystalluria
T/F: if an animal with ethylene glycol toxicity has anuria & the halo effect on the kidneys seen on ultrasound, the prognosis for survival is grave
TRUE
how is the metabolism of ethylene glycol prevented?
fomepizole inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase or ethanol which competes with ethylene glycol for alcohol dehydrogenase
how is ethylene glycol toxicity treated?
supportive care (iv fluids), decontaminate (induce vomiting, activated charcoal), prevent metabolism of ethylene glycol into its toxic metabolites
what is the only treatment option for pregnant animals with ethylene glycol toxicity?
hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis
T/F: any patient suspected of consuming ethylene glycol should be tested & decontaminated un;ess/until exposure has been ruled out, empirical treatment with fomepizole or ethanol is indicated if the index of suspicion is high & a confirmatory test is not available at the time
TRUE
what is the name of the hepatic enzyme responsible for converting ethylene glycol to its toxic metabolite?
alcohol dehydrogenase
what is the number one source of ethylene glycol toxicity?
car radiator fluid
what is stage one of clinical signs of ethylene glycol toxicity?
30 minutes to 12 hours, CNS signs including ataxia, lethargy, vomiting, PU/PD
what is stage two of clinical signs of ethylene glycol toxicity?
12 to 24 hours, seems to have improved, quiet, depressed, PU/PD
what is stage three of clinical signs of ethylene glycol toxicity?
24 to 72 hours - weakness, depression, anorexia, tachypnea, & dyspnea
