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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Equine Top 20 Diseases - Part 3 > Flashcards

Equine Top 20 Diseases - Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what cinical signs are associated with cyathostomes?

A

diarrhea, wight loss, & colic

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2
Q

what clinical signs are associated with large strongyles & tapeworms?

A

colic

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3
Q

what clinical signs are associated with roundworms?

A

weight loss, colic, & in foals, pneumonia

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4
Q

how are gi parasites diagnosed in horses?

A

fecal egg counts

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5
Q

how are encysted cyathostomes treated?

A

fenbendazole 2x the dose for 5 days or moxidectin

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6
Q

how are large strongyles treated?

A

adults are susceptoble to most anthelmintics, larvae are susceptible to macrocyclic lactones

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7
Q

how are tapeworms treated in horses?

A

praziquantel or 2x pyrantel

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8
Q

how are roundworms treated in horses?

A

most anthelmintics work

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9
Q

what is the biggest parasite of concern in horses? when do they emerge? what damage do they cause?

A

cyathostomes - emerge in favorable climate conditions which are wet & not too hot or cold, cause damage to the large intestinal walls & cause colitis

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10
Q

what is the pathology caused by large strongyles?

A

larvae migrate through the cranial mesenteric artery causing arteritis & loss of blood supply to the large intestines which can cause a non-strangulating infarctive colic

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11
Q

what is the pathology caused by tapeworms?

A

attach at the ileocecal junction that can cause damage, perforation, & motility dysfunction

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12
Q

what is the pathology caused by roundworms?

A

large adult worm burden in small intestines that can lead to impaction - can see clinical signs after deworming

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13
Q

what treatment is used for all intestinal parasites that helps with preventing infection?

A

manure removal & pasture rotation

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14
Q

what are the 3 most common skin tumors seen in horses?

A

sarcoids, SCC, & melanoma

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15
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a horse with melanoma?

A

gray horse over 10 years old with black nodules under the tail, at the perineum, lips, prepuce, eyelids, parotid salivary glands, & guttural pouches

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16
Q

what are the different types of sarcoids?

A

nodular - raised spherical lumps, occult - hairless areas with thinned skin, verrucous - warty & scaly, fibroelastic - hemorrhagic & ulcerated, malevolent/malignant, & mixed which is the most common

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17
Q

what do SCC look like?

A

thickened, reddened, ulcerated areas on non-pigmented skin of the face, eyes, penis, & perineal area

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18
Q

how are sarcoids diagnosed?

A

excisional biopsy - incomplete surgical removal can trigger more aggressive behavior of the lesion

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19
Q

how are SCC diagnosed?

A

excisional biopsy

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20
Q

how are melanomas diagnosed?

A

clinical appearance or FNA

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21
Q

how are equine skin tumors treated?

A

all - surgical excision, cryotherapy, local chemo with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, sarcoids - immunotherapy, SCC - radiation therapy, & melanomas - cimetidine

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22
Q

what virus are sarcoids associated with? how are they spread?

A

bovine papillomavirus - spread by flies, guarded prognosis due to recurrence

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23
Q

what causes SCC?

A

chronic irritation or UV exposure

24
Q

T/F: malignant melanomas are more common in non-gray horses

A

TRUE

25
Q

what type of sarcoid is most commonly seen in horses?

A

mixed type

26
Q

what are the 4 main etiologies of equine viral encephalitis?

A

EEE, WEE, VEE, WNV

27
Q

what clinical signs are seen in horses with west nile virus specifically?

A

fever, fasciculations of face & neck, hyperesthesia, & colic + altered mentation, cranial nerve signs, ataxia, paresis/paralysis

28
Q

what is the classic case presentation of equine viral encephalitis?

A

altered mentation, cranial nerve signs, ataxia, paresis/paralysis

29
Q

how is equine viral encephalitis diagnosed? what about west nile virus?

A

CSF analysis & IgM capture ELISA for WNV

30
Q

how are equine viral encephalitis diseases treated?

A

supportive care

31
Q

how are equine viral encephalitis diseases prevented?

A

vaccination & minimizing mosquitos

32
Q

what disease is always on the list for a horse with neurologic disease?

A

rabies

33
Q

T/F: in a horse with any kind of viral encephalitis, recumbency indicates poor prognosis

A

TRUE

34
Q

what is the most common kind of infection for equine infectious anemia?

A

carrier state - inapparent!!!!

35
Q

what is the common case presentation of acute equine infectious anemia?

A

fever, lethargy, thrombocytopenia

36
Q

what is the common case presentation of chronic equine infectious anemia?

A

recurrent fever with anemia, weight loss, ventral edema, & petechiae

37
Q

what is the etiology of equine infectious anemia?

A

lentivirus

38
Q

how is equine infectious anemia diagnosed?

A

coggins test (AGID gold standard that takes 24 hours) must be done at USDA approved lab & submitted by licensed vet

39
Q

what treatment options are available for equine infectious anemia?

A

euthanasia or lifelong quarantine at least 200 yards away from other horses

40
Q

T/F: in the USA, all horses moved interstate or sold within a state must have been tested negative for EIA at least within the last 12 months

A

TRUE

41
Q

T/F: lentivirus cause a lifelong infection

A

TRUE

42
Q

what are the 4 most common causes & presentations of severe lameness in horses?

A

foot abscess - increased digital pulse, sensitive to hoof testers, septic joint/synovial structure - effusion of joint or tendon sheath, cellulitis/lymphangitis - entire limb is swollen/hot +/- fever, & fracture/suspensory apparatus breakdown - more focally swollen limb, no fever

43
Q

what AAEP lameness score is assigned for lame at a walk or non-weight bearing?

A

4 & 5

44
Q

how are foot abscesses diagnosed?

A

hoof tester positive, maybe can locate abscess pocket with hoof knife

45
Q

how are septic synovial structures diagnosed?

A

synovial fluid has increased protein, neutrophils, & lactate

46
Q

how is cellulitis/lymphangitis diagnosed?

A

ultrasound - diagnosis of exclusion

47
Q

how are fractures/breakdown injuries diagnosed?

A

radiographs & ultrasound for soft tissue injury

48
Q

what treatment is used for foot abscesses?

A

paring, poultice, +/- NSAIDS

49
Q

what treatment is used for septic synovial structure?

A

lavage, systemic & intra-articular antimicrobials, & NSAIDS

50
Q

what treatment is indicated for cellulitis/lymphangitis?

A

anti-microbials, anti-inflammatories, bandaging, & cryotherapy

51
Q

what treatment is indicated for fractures/breakdown injuries in horses?

A

emergency stabilization with splint/bandage & surgical repair for fracture

52
Q

what is the prognosis for a horse with a foot abscess?

A

good

53
Q

what is the prognosis for a horse with septic synovial structure?

A

depends on the structure affected & how quickly/aggressively treated

54
Q

what is the prognosis for a horse with cellulitis/lymphangitis?

A

depends on whether it is acute or chronic, & how quickly/aggressively treated

55
Q

what is the prognosis for a horse with fractures/breakdown injuries?

A

depends on location of injury, whether it is open or closed, degree of soft tissue injury, & displacement

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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