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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Equine Top 20 Diseases - Part 2 > Flashcards

Equine Top 20 Diseases - Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a horse with infectious abortion?

A

pregnancy loss after placental development (40-45 days)

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2
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a horse with infectious abortion due to equine herpesvirus-1?

A

late term abortion with minimal fetal autolysis, placenta grossly normal, can be an outbreak

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3
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a horse with infectious abortion due to equine viral arteritis?

A

fetus autolyzed

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4
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a horse with infectious abortion due to leptospirosis?

A

icteric, autolyzed fetus

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5
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a horse with infectious abortion due to bacteria/ascending placentitis?

A

grossly edematous, brown, placenta with fibrinonecrotic exudate

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6
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a horse with infectious abortion due to fungal causes?

A

thickened placenta with minimal fetal autolysis

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7
Q

how is infectious abortion in a horse diagnosed?

A

necropsy of the fetus & fetal membranes with culture, histopath, & PCR

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8
Q

how is infectious abortion treated in horses?

A

no treatment

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9
Q

T/F: poor perineal conformation in a horse is a risk factor for ascending placentitis

A

TRUE

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10
Q

what is the most common non-infectious cause of abortion in horses?

A

twins

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11
Q

what diseases causing infectious abortion are contagious/zoonotic?

A

EHV/EVA/lepto are contagious & lepto is zoonotic

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12
Q

how is viral infectious abortion prevented? how is leptospirosis infectious abortion prevented?

A

prevent both with vaccination

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13
Q

what is another name for equine rhabdomyolysis?

A

tying up

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14
Q

what is the classic case presentation of equine rhabdomyolysis?

A

hard/painful muscles, reluctance to move, weakness, recumbency, dark urine from myoglobinuria

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15
Q

what are the two most common chronic types of equine rhabdomyolysis?

A

polysaccharide storage myopathy & recurrent exertional myopathy

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16
Q

what horses are affected by PSSM? what is the pathology behind it?

A

wuarter horse, warm blood, & draft horses - abnormal glycogen storage

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17
Q

what horses are affected by RER? what is the pathology behind it?

A

thoroughbred or standardbred - abnormal intracellular calcium metabolism

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18
Q

how is equine rhabdomyolysis diagnosed?

A

increased CK, AST, LDH +/- azotemia if myoglobinuria

19
Q

what acute treatment is indicated for rhabdomyolysis?

A

nsaids, vasodilators (acepromazine), iv fluids

20
Q

what long term treatment is used for rhabdomyolysis?

A

low starch/high fat diet with daily exercise

21
Q

how is PSSM type I diagnosed?

A

genetic test

22
Q

how is RER diagnosed?

A

muscle biopsy

23
Q

what are some other types of myopathies that will make the differential list for tying up?

A

immune mediated myositis, pasture myopathy, malignant hyperthermia

24
Q

how is RER prevented?

A

minimize stress, pre-treat with dantrolene (calcium channel blocker)

25
Q

what is the agent that causes strangles?

A

strep equi subsp equi

26
Q

what is the classic case presentation of strangles?

A

young horse with fever with mucoid to mucopurulent nasal discharge, lethargy, submandibular lymphadenopathy, & difficulty swallowing/inspiratory respiratory noise

27
Q

how is strangles diagnosed?

A

PCR or culture on nasopharyngeal or guttural pouch wash or abscessed lymph node exudate

28
Q

how is strangles treated?

A

drain/lavage abscess, procaine penicillin for horses with dyspnea/severe lethargy, supportive care

29
Q

how is strangles trasmitted?

A

fomites & direct contact

30
Q

why are all suspect strangles cases treated?

A

strict biosecurity due to how contagious it is!!!

31
Q

what complications can occur with strangles that worsen prognosis?

A

purpura hemorrhagica, guttural pouch infection, & bastard strangles

32
Q

what is the classic case presentation of viral upper respiratory infections in horses?

A

typically an outbreak in younger horses which is usually more severe, fever/lethargy/anorexia, serous nasal discharge, cough, & submandibular lymphadenopathy

33
Q

what are the most common causes of viral uper respiratory infections in horses?

A

EHV-1, EHV-4, equine influenza virus, equine rhinitis virus, & equine viral arteritis

34
Q

what’s the best way to diagnose a cause of a viral upper respiatory infection in horses?

A

PCR on nasal swab for viral antigens - rapid turnaround

35
Q

how are viral upper respiratory infections treated?

A

nsaids, supportive care, & antibiotics only if worried about a secondary bacterial infection

36
Q

what other diseases can be caused by EHV-1?

A

neurologic disease & abortion

37
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a horse with laminitis?

A

walking on eggshells, reluctant to move, weight shifting, prominent arterial digitalpulses, warm feet, & recumbency in severe cases

38
Q

what are the 4 main etiologies of laminitis?

A

systemic inflammatory response syndrome associated, endocrinopathic, support limb laminitis, & traumatic

39
Q

what is seen with hoof testers that indicates laminitis?

A

positive to hoof testers over the toes

40
Q

what radiographic changes indicate laminitis?

A

thickening of hoof/lamellar interface, rotation/skinking of P3, gas lines up dorsal hoof wall, & periosteal proliferation of dorsodistal P3 when chronic

41
Q

what treatment is used for horses with laminitis?

A

distal limb cryotherapy, sole support, stall rest, pain relief with NSAIDS & opioids, corrective trimming/shoeing during chronic phase, & address underlying cause

42
Q

chronic laminitis will have what on their hooves?

A

external divergent hoof rings

43
Q

what is the prognosis for laminitis?

A

guarded

44
Q

T/F: radiographic changes associated with laminitis may be absent in acute or mild cases

A

TRUE

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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