Cross Species Top 10 Reportable Diseases - Part 1 Flashcards
what species are affected by foot-and-mouth disease? what species are not?
affected - cattle, goats, sheep, & pigs
not affected - HORSES!!!!!
what is the classic case presentation of an animal with foot-and-mouth disease?
painful vesicles/erosions on tongue/muzzle/gums/teats/between claws/coronary bands, high fever, drooling thick sticky saliva with lip smacking, lameness, abortions, & fast spread between animals
T/F: situation determines what diagnostic test to use for potential cases of foot-and-mouth disease
true
what is the etiology of foot-and-mouth disease?
aphthovirus of the picornaviradae family with 7 serotypes
what tests are used to diagnose foot-and-mouth disease? what samples are submitted?
tests - ELISA, PCR, virus isolation, electron microscopy, or complement fixation
samples - vesicular fluid, epithelium, exudates, pharyngeal/esophageal fluid, milk, semen, & blood
approved labs do initial testing & special reference labs do confirmatory testing
what treatment is used for foot-and-mouth disease?
NONE - kill all affected/in contact
what preventative measures are used for foot-and-mouth disease?
euthanize all positive & in contact animals - bury or burn carcasses
maintain strict movement/entry requirements
quarantine +/- vaccination - killed vaccine provides 4-6 months immunity
thorough disinfection of premises/equipment - disinfectant with a pH less than 6 or greater than 9
what is the prognosis for animals with foot-and-mouth disease?
good for infected individuals
poor for overall herd health & economic outcome
guarded in neonates & nursing animals
_______-___-______ disease is one of the most contagious animal diseases known & is reportable worldwide due to its severe economic impact & production losses
foot-and-mouth
if you see these ulcers on a cow’s tongue that has signs of lameness, heavy drooling, and a high fever, what should you test for?
foot-and-mouth
what disease is the ‘evil twin’ to foot-and-mouth disease?
vesicular stomatitis
what species are affected by vesicular stomatitis? what environment & age group is more commonly implicated?
CATTLE & HORSES - occasionally swine, camelids, & rare in sheep/goats
warm humid areas in the western hemisphere - adult animals over 1 year of age
what is the classic case presentation of an animal with vesicular stomatitis?
fever, salivation, difficulty eating, vesicles/erosions/ulcers on mouth/lips/teats/coronary band, hyperemic skin or raised blanched areas in the mouth, variable morbidity with low mortality
what is the etiology of vesicular stomatitis?
rhabdoviridae family genus vesiculovirus with 2 serotypes - new jersey & indiana
how is vesicular stomatitis transmitted?
transmission by insects (sand/black flies, mosquitos) or direct contact with saliva, epithelium, exudates, or fomites
how is vesicular stomatitis diagnosed?
ELISA most common - used to identify the viral antigen or antibody
what treatment is used for vesicular stomatitis?
symptomatic care - soft feed, bedding, analgesia, & +/- antibiotics
what preventative measures are used for vesicular stomatitis?
QUARANTINE FARM!!! isolate affected animals, sanitation/disinfection, insect control, & vaccines
T/F: mortality from vesicular stomatitis is rare, but economic losses are significant
true
for an animal with vesicular stomatitis, what other diseases cannot be distinguished from it by clinical signs alone?
foot-and-mouth, swine vesicular disease, or vesicular exanthema of swine
what are the 8 big rule outs for vesicular diseases?
- bluetongue
- bovine papular stomatitis
- bovine viral diarrhea virus
- foot-and-mouth disease
- infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
- malignant catarrhal fever
- rinderpest
- vesicular stomatitis
T/F: pigs are the only animals affected by classical swine fever
true
what factors cause a varying severity of classical swine fever?
age - young animals are most severe with high mortality
immune status of the herd
strain of the virus
what is seen in the classic case presentation of the acute form of classical swine fever?
high fever > 105°F, anorexia, constipation followed by diarrhea, cyanosis, erythema, skin hemorrhages, staggering, incoordination, posterior paresis, seizures, & death within 1-3 weeks
some cases are asymptomatic and are inapparent carriers
what are some things that should make you suspect classical swine fever?
septicemia, high fever, incoordination, diarrhea, & death
history of feeding garbage, new/returning animals to the herd
NO response to treatment
cases on a nearby farm
what is seen on necropsy that is supportive of classical swine fever?
widespread hemorrhages
turkey egg kidneys with pinpoint hemorrhages
necrotic foci on the intestinal mucosa, larynx, & epiglottis
what test is used for surveillance of classical swine fever?
RT-PCR
what treatment is used for classical swine fever?
NONE! do not treat positive pigs!!!!
reportable - notify federal & state veterinarians!!!! quarantine farm until definitive diagnosis is made, & isolate suspected CSF-animals
how is classical swine fever prevented?
NEVER feed pigs undercooked garbage (swill) or pork products
quarantine newly purchased or returning animals for a minimum of 30 days
what are the main sources of infection for classical swine fever?
carrier pigs & feeding garbage
T/F: classical swine fever is DISTINGUISHABLE from african swine fever
false - clinically INDISTINGUISHABLE
if you see the pictured lesion on necropsy of a pig, what disease should you suspect?
classical swine fever
how would you describe this histopathology lesion taken from a cow with BSE?
vacuolar/spongy appearance of gray matter
