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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Canine Top Shelter Diseases > Flashcards

Canine Top Shelter Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a shelter dog with fleas?

A

pruritus, crusts, scabbing, hair loss over the hips/base of tail, +/- anemia

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2
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a shelter dog with sarcoptic mange?

A

intense pruritus, small bumps/excoriations/crusts/seborrhea on abdomen/chest/ears/elbows/legs

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3
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a shelter dog with cheyletiellosis?

A

intense pruritus but sometimes no itching, scaling on the back, & dandruff that moves around on the animal’s fur

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4
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a shelter dog with ticks?

A

ticks attached to the skin with redness around the bite, tick borne diseases (fever, anorexia, lethargy, joint swelling/pain, petechiae, etc), & LMN paralysis

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5
Q

what is the flea most commonly affected shelter dogs?

A

ctenocephalides felis (cat flea)

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6
Q

what is the etiology of sarcoptic mange?

A

sarcoptes scabei canis

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7
Q

how is sarcoptic mange diagnosed?

A

skin scraping, pedal pinnal response

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8
Q

what ticks commonly affect shelter dogs?

A

ixodidae family - amblyomma spp., dermacentor spp., ixodes, & soft ticks - otobius

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9
Q

what are your treatment options for mites on shelter dogs?

A

lime sulfur dips, selamectin, bravecto single dose (not labeled for scabies), & ivermectin

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10
Q

what are your treatment options for shelter dogs with ticks?

A

removal of ticks, fipronil, & fluralaner

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11
Q

why may fleas not be seen on a dog with flea allergy dermatitis?

A

excessive self grooming

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12
Q

what mites pose a zoonotic risk to humans that affect shelter dogs?

A

cheyletiellosis & scabies

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13
Q

what two ticks are the most common causes of tick paralysis in shelter dogs?

A

d. andersoni & d. variabilis

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14
Q

what tick tranmits lyme disease?

A

ixodes scapularis & ixodes pacificus

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15
Q

what breeds are at an increased risk for parvo?

A

rottweilers, dobermans, pitbulls, german shepherds

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16
Q

what is the common signalment of dog affected with parvo?

A

usually 6 week to 6 month old unvaccinated dogs

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17
Q

what is the etiology of parvo?

A

canine parvovirus particularly CPV-2b

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18
Q

what is seen on bloodwork of a dog with parvo?

A

neutropenia & lymphopenia

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19
Q

how is parvo diagnosed?

A

ELISA antigen test

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20
Q

how is parvo treated?

A

supportive care & isolation

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21
Q

how is parvo prevented?

A

strict isolation of sick animals, clean all surfaces of organic debris & then disinfect with bleach

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22
Q

what is the vaccine schedule for parvo in dogs?

A

vaccination at 6-8 weeks, 10-12 weeks, & 14-16 weeks, after 1 year, & then every 3 years

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23
Q

what is the route of infection of parvo?

A

fecal oral & fomites

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24
Q

T/F: dogs that recover from parvo will have life long or long term immunity

A

TRUE

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25
Q

what is another name for infectious tracheobronchitis?

A

kennel cough

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26
Q

what clinical signs are seen with kennel cough?

A

persistent dry, unproductive cough followed by retching/gagging - cough inducible by tracheal/laryngeal palpation, may have other systemic signs

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27
Q

what clinical signs are seen with canine influenza?

A

persistent cough of 1-3 weeks, oculonasal discharge, sneezing, fever, lethargy, +/- pneumonia

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28
Q

what are the etiologies of kennel cough?

A

canine parainfluenzavirus, canine adenovirus-2, canine distemper virus, & bordetella bronchiseptica

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29
Q

what is the etiology of canine influenza?

A

canine influenza virus strains H3N8 & H3N2

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30
Q

how is kennel cough diagnosed?

A

usually just by clinical signs

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31
Q

how is canine influenza diagnosed?

A

PCR of nasal or pharyngeal swabs - must be submitted within 2 days of illness to avoid false negatives & serology showing rising titers

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32
Q

how is kennel cough/canine influenza prevented?

A

vaccination & proper disinfection/hygiene in shelters

33
Q

how is kennel cough treated?

A

supportive care, cough suppressants for non-productive coughs, & antibiotics for severe cases

34
Q

how is canine influenza treated?

A

antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infections

35
Q

T/F: both kennel cough & canine influenza are extremely contagious, so infected animals should not be hospitalized if possible

A

TRUE

36
Q

what are the risks if an intranasal bordetella vaccine is given parenterally?

A

may cause cellulitis, hepatotoxicity, or hypersensitivity

37
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a dog with distemper?

A

fever 3-6 days post infection & several days later, serous to mucopurulent oculonasal discharge, lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, & diarrhea

38
Q

what types of neurologic signs affect young dogs with distemper? what about older dogs with distemper?

A

younger - forebrain signs, older - cerebellar, brainstem, & spinal cord signs

39
Q

what forebrain signs are seen with distemper?

A

behavior changes, seizures, pacing, head pressing, & visual deficits

40
Q

what cerebellar signs are seen in dogs with distemper?

A

ataxia, hypermetria, & intention tremors

41
Q

what brainstem signs are seen in dogs with distemper?

A

nystagmus, head tilt, facial paralysis, tongue paralysis, & swallowing difficulty

42
Q

what spinal cord signs are seen in dogs with distemper?

A

hyper-reflexive paresis or paralysis

43
Q

if a dog survives distemper, what lasting side effects may be seen?

A

paw pad/nasal planum hyperkeratosis, enamel hypoplasia, myoclonus, & chewing gum fits

44
Q

what is the etiology of distemper?

A

canine distemper visurs

45
Q

what clinical signs are associated with systemic disease from distemper?

A

leukopenia & KCS on ophthalmic exam

46
Q

what clinical signs are associated with CNS disease from distemper?

A

hyper-reflexive retinal lesions

47
Q

how is distemper treated?

A

supportive care, anti-inflammatory dose of prednisone

48
Q

how is distemper prevented?

A

vaccination with MLV every 3-4 weeks from 6-16 weeks of age & then again in 1 year - followed by every 3 years

49
Q

what is the prognosis of distemper?

A

usually poor if progressive neurologic signs & guarded to poor for systemic disease

50
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a dog with roundworms?

A

usually asymptomatic, but may see vomiting, diarrhea, poor growth, distended abdomen, dull coat, & coughing due to migrating larvae causing eosinophilic pneumonia

51
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a dog with hookworms?

A

anemia, emaciation, weakness, anorexia, poor growth, interdigital dermatitis from cutaneous larval invasion, +/- diarrhea/melena

52
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a dog with whipworms?

A

mild infections are asymptomatic, weight loss, diarrhea, +/- hematochezia, +/- anemia

53
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a dog with tapeworms?

A

usually aymptomatic, observation of proglottids on perineum or in feces, weight loss, +/- diarrhea

54
Q

what is the etiology of roundworms?

A

toxocara canis

55
Q

how are roundworms diagnosed?

A

fecal float & microscopic evaluation

56
Q

what is the etiology of hookworms? how are they diagnosed?

A

ancylostoma caninum - fecal float & microscopic exam

57
Q

what is the etiology of whipworms? how are they diagnosed?

A

trichuris vulpis - fecal float & microscopic evaluation

58
Q

what is the etiology of tapeworms? how are they diagnosed?

A

dipylidium caninum - observation of proglottids & fecal float

59
Q

how are roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, & tapeworms treated? how are they prevented?

A

rounds - pyrantel every 2-3 weeks until 3 months old, hooks - pyrantel every 3-4 weeks until 3 months, whips - fenbendazole 3x at monthly intervals, & tapes - praziquantel

60
Q

how are roundworms transmitted?

A

transplacental, transmammary, ingestion of eggs, or ingestion of transport host - 100% of puppies are born with roundworm infections

61
Q

what is the life cycle of t. canis?

A

puppy under 3 months of age ingests infective eggs, larvae exit intestine & migrate to the lungs via liver/bloodstream, larvae are coughed up & swallowed, larvae mature into egg-producing adults in the small intestines, & in older dogs - larvae hatched from infective eggs migrate to various tissues but don’t continue the life cycle

62
Q

how are hookworms transmitted?

A

ingestion of larvae in fecal contaminated material, transmammary, & direct cutaneous penetration

63
Q

how are whipworms transmitted?

A

ingestion of infective eggs 2-4 weeks after shed in dog feces

64
Q

how are tapeworms transmitted?

A

ingestion of affected prey or ingestion of fleas

65
Q

what intestinal parasites pose a zoonotic risk?

A

roundworms, hookworms, & intermediate stage of taenia spp.

66
Q

what is a class I case presentation of heartworm disease?

A

no to minimal signs

67
Q

what is a class II case presentation of heartworm disease?

A

cough

68
Q

what is a class III case presentation of heartworm disease?

A

cough, hemoptysis, weight loss, lethargy, exercise intolerance, ascites secondary to R CHF, & radiographic lesions

69
Q

what is a class IV case presentation of heartworm disease?

A

caval syndrome, shock/weak/pale, slow CRT, dark urine, tachypnea/dyspnea, distended jugular veins, +/- ascites

70
Q

what is the etiology of heartworm disease?

A

dirofilaria immitis

71
Q

how is heartworm disease diagnosed?

A

antigen testing & microfilaria slides

72
Q

what is seen on thoracic rads of a dog with heartworm disease?

A

main pulmonary artery enlargement, truncated/tortuous caudal lobar pulmonary arteries, pulmonary infiltrate, hilar lymphadenopathy, & right ventricular enlargment

73
Q

what is echocardiography used for when working up a dog for heartworm disease?

A

used to confirm caval syndrome & shows a conglomeration of heartworms in the right atrium/right ventricle & obstructing the tricuspid valve

74
Q

what is the pretreatment of HWD done at the time of diagnosis?

A

30 days of doxycycline to eliminate wolbachia, & monthly macrolide heartworm preventative

75
Q

what is the protocol of adulticidal therapy for HWD?

A

melarsomine 3 dose with strict exercise restriction +/- corticosteroids, supportive care as needed for R CHF/pulmonary thromboembolism

76
Q

how is caval syndrome treated?

A

removal of heartworms by passing long alligator forceps via the jugular vein into the right atrium

77
Q

how is HWD prevented?

A

monthly macrolide prophylactic treatments year round starting at 6-8 weeks of age

78
Q

what is the life cycle of mosquitos in HWD?

A

mosquitos ingest microfilariae from infected host, microfilariae goes through first 3 larval stages (L1-L3) in the mosquito in 1-4 weeks, the L3 infected larvae is deposited onto the host’s skin when the mosquito feeds, L4 develops in the host in about a week & then migrates into body for approximately 2 months, L4 molts into an adult & migrates to the heart & pulmonary arteries 2-4 months post infection, & gravid females produce microfilariae 7-9 months post infection

79
Q

what is the prognosis of HWD?

A

guarded to poor - dogs with caval syndrome have a mortality of 30-40%

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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