Feline Top 20 Diseases - Part 3 Flashcards
what is the classic case presentation of a cat with FIP?
young cat from a multiple cat household/shelter with waxing/waning sign fever, lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, asymmetric kidneys, anterior uveitis, neuro signs, palpable abdominal fluid wave, & +/- pleural effusion
what is the etiology of FIP?
feline coronavirus mutates into the virus that causes FIP
how is FIP diagnosed?
aspirate effusion - viscous straw colored modified transudate, increased neutrophils/macrophages with protein greater than 3.5 mg/dl, positive rivalta’s test, albumin globulin ratio less than .6 (hypoalbuminemia & hyperglobulinemia), & CSF analysis with elevated protein & mononuclear pleocytosis that may be neutrophilic
how is FIP treated?
not curable - may try immunosuppression, immunomodulation (human interferon alpha, feline interferon alpha, polyprenyl immunostimulant), & supportive care
what are the 2 forms of FIP?
wet fip - effusions & microgranulomas dry fip - cats with granulomas that may later develop effusion
how is the virus causing FIP transmitted?
transmitted through fecal-oral route & indirect routes
what is the prognosis of FIP?
poor
what is a rivalta test?
diagnostic test that can be used for FIP - drop retains shape in acetic acid solution
what are the most common cancers we see in cats?
mammary tumors, SCC, lymphoma
what is the classic case presentation of a cat with a mammary mass?
unspayed female or female spayed later in life with enlarged mammary gland or firm nodule
what is the classic case presentation of cutaneous SCC in a cat?
white haired cat with small, crusty, or ulcerated sores on the head (pinnae, nasal planum, & eyelids)
what is the classic case presentation of a cat with oral SCC?
senior/geriatric cat with lesions on the tongue, gingiva, or sublingual area
what is the classic case presentation of a cat with lymphoma?
lymphadenopathy & thickened loops of intestines
how are mammary tumors in cats diagnosed?
surgical excision/biopsy because FNA can be misleading & thoracic radiographs to look for mets to the lungs/lymph nodes
how is SCC in a cat diagnosed?
wedge or excision biopsy
how is lymphoma in a cat diagnosed?
FNA, may require endoscopic or excisional biopsies during an exploratory laparotomy
how are mammary tumors in cats treated?
unilateral mastectomy & regional lymph node removal (axillary & inguinal), adjunctive chemo (doxorubicin)
how are feline mammary tumors prevented?
spaying cats earlier in life
how are SCC in cats treated?
cutaneous - surgical excision, cryosurgery, or strontium radiation oral - surgery often impossible, palliative NSAIDS
how is lymphoma in a cat treated?
multiple agent chemo including doxorubicin, & small cell gi lymphoma treated with prednisolone & chlorambucil
what percent of feline mammary tumors are malignant?
85-90%
T/F: for cats with mammary tumors, anterior glands are more often involved
TRUE
what does the prognosis of feline mammary tumors depend on?
size of the tumor at the time of diagnosis - if smaller than 2 cm, prognosis often over 3 years, if greater than 3 cm, survival is only 4 to 6 months
what is the prognosis of oral SCC in a cat?
very poor prognosis with survival times ranging for 3 to 4 months
T/F: FeLV is linked with most forms of lymphoma in cats with the exception of gi forms
TRUE
FIV+ cats are more likely to develop what neoplasia?
lymphoma
lymphoma represents what percentage of al feline tumors?
30%
what is the survival time with treatment for low grade lymphosarcoma in a cat?
can range from 6 months to 1 year
what are the main respiratory viruses that affect cats?
rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, chlamydiosis
what cats are often affected by respiratory viruses?
kittens from shelters/rescues with fever, lethargy, & oculonasal discharge
what is the classic case presentation of a cat with rhinotracheitis?
rhinitis, clear nasal discharge, conjunctivitis
what causes feline rhinotracheitis?
feline herpes virus 1
what is the classic case presentation of a cat with calicivirus?
tongue ulceration, ptyalism
what is the classic case presentation of a cat with chlamydiosis?
conjunctivitis that is first unilateral & then bilateral
how is feline herpes virus & calicivirus diagnosed?
presumptive by clinical signs
feline herpes & calicivirus account for what percentage of all upper respiratory infections in cats?
90%
how is feline chlamydiosis diagnosed?
primarily an ocular disease that is diagnosed by the presence of inclusion bodies in conjunctival scrapings
what treatment is used for feline herpes & calicivirus?
symptomatic & supportive care
how is feline chlamydiosis treated?
doxycycline
what are some antiviral medications that can be safely used early on in infections from herpes & calicivirus when given orally?
trifluoridine, idoxurine, cidofovir, & famciclovir
what is the incubation period for the feline respiratory diseases?
2-10 days
how are feline respiratory diseases prevented?
isolate ill cats, vaccination doesn’t prevent viral infections but minimizes clinical signs
how do you determine what virus is causing respiratory disease in a cat?
mouth or eye swabs for culture/PCR
what is the classic case presentation of a cat with acetaminophen toxicity?
history of ingestion of at least 10 mg/kg with lethargy, inappetance, weakness, depression, dyspnea, vomiting, facial/paw edema
what is the classic case presentation of a cat with ethylene glycol toxicity?
ataxic, stuporous, depressed cat with pu/pd
what is the classic case presentation of a cat with pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicity?
owner gave the cat an over the counter spot on flea control product meant for dogs/history of a dog that was recently treated, & patient is having seizures
how is acetaminophen toxicity diagnosed in a cat?
elevated methemoglobin levels in EDTA blood
how is ethylene glycol toxicity diagnosed in a cat?
EG test kit used prior to activated charcoal
how is pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicity diagnosed in a cat?
history is usually diagnostic or may see a greasy spot on the cat’s fur
how is acetaminophen toxicity in a cat treated?
aggressive decontamination, inducing emesis with xylazine/dexmedetomidine, c-acetylcysteine, SAMe, ascorbic acid, & +/- oxygen
how is ethylene glycol toxicity treated in a cat?
sooner is better!!! if within 30-60 minutes of ingestion, induce vomiting & give charcoal, IV fluids with bicarbonate, if within 3 hours, fomipazole (4-MP) IV (much higher dose than dogs), if more than 3 hours, give ethanol in IV fluids
how is pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicity in a cat treated?
methocarbamol IV, +/- midazolam/propofol IV, bathe if few/no signs of toxicosis (warm water & mild dish washing detergent)
T/F: for toxicities involving acetaminophen, ethylene glycol, & pyrethrins in cats, prompt treatment & client education are key
TRUE
what is the prognosis of pyrethrin toxicity in a cat?
guarded to poor based on how soon treatment is sought & dose received
what is the classic case presentation of eosinophilic disease in a cat?
raised, reddened, or yellow linear/circular plaques on lips, footpads, ventral abdomen, thighs - affecting mature cats
what is the classic case presentation of an eosinophilic ulcer?
rodent ulcer - erythematous ulcer that is usually on the upper lip that is non-painful & pruritic
what is the classic case presentation of an eosinophilic plaque in a cat?
plaque - raised erythematous lesions on the medial thigh & abdomen with peripheral eosinophilia & pruritis
what is the classic case presentation of an eosinophilic granuloma in a cat?
granuloma - can occur anywhere, but mostly on the caudal thighs (linear) & in the oral cavity, yellow, orange, or pink in color, and will see peripheral eosinophilia when the lesions are in the oral cavity
are male or female cats more often affected with eosinophilic skin disease?
females more often affected than males
how is eosinophilic skin disease in a cat diagnosed?
incisional or excisional biopsy
how is eosinophilic skin disease in a cat treated?
anti-inflammatory therapy with prednisolone or cyclosporine, radiotherapy, laser therapy, surgical excision, & treatment of the underlying cause (usually atopy or allergies)
T/F: eosinophilic granulomas have been associated with mosquito bites
TRUE
T/F: eosinophilic ulcers & plaques in cats have been associated with flea/food allergies & atopy
TRUE
T/F: usually, eosinophilic skin disease in cats is likely from an allergic reaction to flea, mosquito, or mite bites
TRUE
