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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Feline Top 20 Diseases - Part 3 > Flashcards

Feline Top 20 Diseases - Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cat with FIP?

A

young cat from a multiple cat household/shelter with waxing/waning sign fever, lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, asymmetric kidneys, anterior uveitis, neuro signs, palpable abdominal fluid wave, & +/- pleural effusion

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2
Q

what is the etiology of FIP?

A

feline coronavirus mutates into the virus that causes FIP

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3
Q

how is FIP diagnosed?

A

aspirate effusion - viscous straw colored modified transudate, increased neutrophils/macrophages with protein greater than 3.5 mg/dl, positive rivalta’s test, albumin globulin ratio less than .6 (hypoalbuminemia & hyperglobulinemia), & CSF analysis with elevated protein & mononuclear pleocytosis that may be neutrophilic

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4
Q

how is FIP treated?

A

not curable - may try immunosuppression, immunomodulation (human interferon alpha, feline interferon alpha, polyprenyl immunostimulant), & supportive care

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5
Q

what are the 2 forms of FIP?

A

wet fip - effusions & microgranulomas dry fip - cats with granulomas that may later develop effusion

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6
Q

how is the virus causing FIP transmitted?

A

transmitted through fecal-oral route & indirect routes

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7
Q

what is the prognosis of FIP?

A

poor

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8
Q

what is a rivalta test?

A

diagnostic test that can be used for FIP - drop retains shape in acetic acid solution

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9
Q

what are the most common cancers we see in cats?

A

mammary tumors, SCC, lymphoma

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10
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cat with a mammary mass?

A

unspayed female or female spayed later in life with enlarged mammary gland or firm nodule

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11
Q

what is the classic case presentation of cutaneous SCC in a cat?

A

white haired cat with small, crusty, or ulcerated sores on the head (pinnae, nasal planum, & eyelids)

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12
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cat with oral SCC?

A

senior/geriatric cat with lesions on the tongue, gingiva, or sublingual area

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13
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cat with lymphoma?

A

lymphadenopathy & thickened loops of intestines

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14
Q

how are mammary tumors in cats diagnosed?

A

surgical excision/biopsy because FNA can be misleading & thoracic radiographs to look for mets to the lungs/lymph nodes

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15
Q

how is SCC in a cat diagnosed?

A

wedge or excision biopsy

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16
Q

how is lymphoma in a cat diagnosed?

A

FNA, may require endoscopic or excisional biopsies during an exploratory laparotomy

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17
Q

how are mammary tumors in cats treated?

A

unilateral mastectomy & regional lymph node removal (axillary & inguinal), adjunctive chemo (doxorubicin)

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18
Q

how are feline mammary tumors prevented?

A

spaying cats earlier in life

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19
Q

how are SCC in cats treated?

A

cutaneous - surgical excision, cryosurgery, or strontium radiation oral - surgery often impossible, palliative NSAIDS

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20
Q

how is lymphoma in a cat treated?

A

multiple agent chemo including doxorubicin, & small cell gi lymphoma treated with prednisolone & chlorambucil

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21
Q

what percent of feline mammary tumors are malignant?

A

85-90%

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22
Q

T/F: for cats with mammary tumors, anterior glands are more often involved

A

TRUE

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23
Q

what does the prognosis of feline mammary tumors depend on?

A

size of the tumor at the time of diagnosis - if smaller than 2 cm, prognosis often over 3 years, if greater than 3 cm, survival is only 4 to 6 months

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24
Q

what is the prognosis of oral SCC in a cat?

A

very poor prognosis with survival times ranging for 3 to 4 months

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25
Q

T/F: FeLV is linked with most forms of lymphoma in cats with the exception of gi forms

A

TRUE

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26
Q

FIV+ cats are more likely to develop what neoplasia?

A

lymphoma

27
Q

lymphoma represents what percentage of al feline tumors?

A

30%

28
Q

what is the survival time with treatment for low grade lymphosarcoma in a cat?

A

can range from 6 months to 1 year

29
Q

what are the main respiratory viruses that affect cats?

A

rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, chlamydiosis

30
Q

what cats are often affected by respiratory viruses?

A

kittens from shelters/rescues with fever, lethargy, & oculonasal discharge

31
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cat with rhinotracheitis?

A

rhinitis, clear nasal discharge, conjunctivitis

32
Q

what causes feline rhinotracheitis?

A

feline herpes virus 1

33
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cat with calicivirus?

A

tongue ulceration, ptyalism

34
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cat with chlamydiosis?

A

conjunctivitis that is first unilateral & then bilateral

35
Q

how is feline herpes virus & calicivirus diagnosed?

A

presumptive by clinical signs

36
Q

feline herpes & calicivirus account for what percentage of all upper respiratory infections in cats?

A

90%

37
Q

how is feline chlamydiosis diagnosed?

A

primarily an ocular disease that is diagnosed by the presence of inclusion bodies in conjunctival scrapings

38
Q

what treatment is used for feline herpes & calicivirus?

A

symptomatic & supportive care

39
Q

how is feline chlamydiosis treated?

A

doxycycline

40
Q

what are some antiviral medications that can be safely used early on in infections from herpes & calicivirus when given orally?

A

trifluoridine, idoxurine, cidofovir, & famciclovir

41
Q

what is the incubation period for the feline respiratory diseases?

A

2-10 days

42
Q

how are feline respiratory diseases prevented?

A

isolate ill cats, vaccination doesn’t prevent viral infections but minimizes clinical signs

43
Q

how do you determine what virus is causing respiratory disease in a cat?

A

mouth or eye swabs for culture/PCR

44
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cat with acetaminophen toxicity?

A

history of ingestion of at least 10 mg/kg with lethargy, inappetance, weakness, depression, dyspnea, vomiting, facial/paw edema

45
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cat with ethylene glycol toxicity?

A

ataxic, stuporous, depressed cat with pu/pd

46
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cat with pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicity?

A

owner gave the cat an over the counter spot on flea control product meant for dogs/history of a dog that was recently treated, & patient is having seizures

47
Q

how is acetaminophen toxicity diagnosed in a cat?

A

elevated methemoglobin levels in EDTA blood

48
Q

how is ethylene glycol toxicity diagnosed in a cat?

A

EG test kit used prior to activated charcoal

49
Q

how is pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicity diagnosed in a cat?

A

history is usually diagnostic or may see a greasy spot on the cat’s fur

50
Q

how is acetaminophen toxicity in a cat treated?

A

aggressive decontamination, inducing emesis with xylazine/dexmedetomidine, c-acetylcysteine, SAMe, ascorbic acid, & +/- oxygen

51
Q

how is ethylene glycol toxicity treated in a cat?

A

sooner is better!!! if within 30-60 minutes of ingestion, induce vomiting & give charcoal, IV fluids with bicarbonate, if within 3 hours, fomipazole (4-MP) IV (much higher dose than dogs), if more than 3 hours, give ethanol in IV fluids

52
Q

how is pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicity in a cat treated?

A

methocarbamol IV, +/- midazolam/propofol IV, bathe if few/no signs of toxicosis (warm water & mild dish washing detergent)

53
Q

T/F: for toxicities involving acetaminophen, ethylene glycol, & pyrethrins in cats, prompt treatment & client education are key

A

TRUE

54
Q

what is the prognosis of pyrethrin toxicity in a cat?

A

guarded to poor based on how soon treatment is sought & dose received

55
Q

what is the classic case presentation of eosinophilic disease in a cat?

A

raised, reddened, or yellow linear/circular plaques on lips, footpads, ventral abdomen, thighs - affecting mature cats

56
Q

what is the classic case presentation of an eosinophilic ulcer?

A

rodent ulcer - erythematous ulcer that is usually on the upper lip that is non-painful & pruritic

57
Q

what is the classic case presentation of an eosinophilic plaque in a cat?

A

plaque - raised erythematous lesions on the medial thigh & abdomen with peripheral eosinophilia & pruritis

58
Q

what is the classic case presentation of an eosinophilic granuloma in a cat?

A

granuloma - can occur anywhere, but mostly on the caudal thighs (linear) & in the oral cavity, yellow, orange, or pink in color, and will see peripheral eosinophilia when the lesions are in the oral cavity

59
Q

are male or female cats more often affected with eosinophilic skin disease?

A

females more often affected than males

60
Q

how is eosinophilic skin disease in a cat diagnosed?

A

incisional or excisional biopsy

61
Q

how is eosinophilic skin disease in a cat treated?

A

anti-inflammatory therapy with prednisolone or cyclosporine, radiotherapy, laser therapy, surgical excision, & treatment of the underlying cause (usually atopy or allergies)

62
Q

T/F: eosinophilic granulomas have been associated with mosquito bites

A

TRUE

63
Q

T/F: eosinophilic ulcers & plaques in cats have been associated with flea/food allergies & atopy

A

TRUE

64
Q

T/F: usually, eosinophilic skin disease in cats is likely from an allergic reaction to flea, mosquito, or mite bites

A

TRUE

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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