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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Bovine Top 20 Diseases - Part 4 > Flashcards

Bovine Top 20 Diseases - Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the classic case presentation of listeriosis in a cow?

A

weaned-to-adult silage fed cow with an acute onset of pyrexia, depression, anorexia, & unilateral neurological signs such as propulsive circling, proprioceptive deficits, unilateral tongue weakness, facial nerve paralysis, ear droop, head tilt, nystagmus, strabismus, & drooling

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2
Q

how is listriosis in a cow diagnosed?

A

increased mononuclear cells & high protein on CSF tap & a culture showing l. monocytogenes in food or brain tissue

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3
Q

how is listeriosis in a cow treated?

A

IV tetracycline, supportive care with tube feeding, oral rehydration, & electrolyte supplementation (potassium & bicarbonate lost in saliva)

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4
Q

what is the prognosis of a cow with listeriosis?

A

fair to good if the patient is ambulatory at the onset of signs, but poor if the patient is recumbent at onset

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5
Q

where does l. monocytogenes grow in the environment?

A

grows in rotting vegetation with a high pH

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6
Q

what is the pathogenesis of listeriosis?

A

ascends up the facial nerve to the brainstem - animal also becomes bacteremic

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7
Q

why is listeriosis zoonotic?

A

contaminates the milk

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8
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cow with a retained placenta?

A

happens if not passed by 12 hours post partum, may see decomposing placenta hanging from vulva with a foul smell, & a delayed return to estrus

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9
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cow with metritis?

A

happens 3 days to 2 weeks post partum - large, fluid-filled uterus palpable per rectum, purulent malodorous discharge from the vulva that is matted on the tail, & shortened estrous cycles

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10
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cow with a pyometra?

A

similar to metritis, but no estrous cycles or follicular waves occur!!

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11
Q

what are the big bacterial etiologies of metritis in a cow?

A

brucellosis, leptospirosis, campylobacter spp., & trichomoniasis

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12
Q

how is a retained placenta diagnosed?

A

you can see it

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13
Q

how is metritis & pyometra in a cow diagnosed?

A

palpation per rectum - may feel enlarged, fluid-filled uterus & may have a retained corpus luteum with pyometra

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14
Q

how is a retained placenta treated?

A

manual removal is potentially harmful!!! trim excess tissue for hygiene, cows expel the membranes in 2-11 days without treatment, & intrauterine antimicrobials are usually not helpful

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15
Q

how is metritis treated in a cow?

A

prostaglandins, if cow is septic, systemic antibiotics, NSAIDS, & IV fluids

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16
Q

how is pyometra in a cow treated?

A

none, cull it

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17
Q

what is the prognosis of a cow with a retained placenta? metritis? pyometra?

A

retained placenta & metritis - good to excellent, poor for pyometra

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18
Q

how does metritis & retained placentas affected reproductive efficiency in cows?

A

increases calving intervals & number of inseminations required for conception

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19
Q

how are metritis & retained placentas prevented in cattle?

A

good dry cow management

20
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cow with uterine prolapse?

A

multiparous cow or first-calf beef heifer within hours of calving at most - one or both uterine horns everted from vagina/vulva, caruncles & often retained placenta are visible, & +/- hypotensive, hemorrhagic shock, & milk fever

21
Q

how is a uterine prolapse diagnosed in a cow?

A

usually evident on physical exam - labwork done for IV fluid plan to assess serum ionized calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, PCV, & total protein

22
Q

how is a uterine prolapse in a cow treated?

A

physically difficult - address shock, cleanse uterus, give epidural, push uterine tip up & in working between bouts of straining, & once replaced, fill uterus with clean warm water & siphon it out or fully evert tips using disinfected bottle or plastic baseball bat

23
Q

what is the prognosis for cows with a uterine prolapse?

A

good to excellent for mature heifers, but poor for first-calf beef heifers

24
Q

T/F: properly replaced uterine prolapses don’t recur or only recur infrequently

A

TRUE

25
Q

how can you prevent uterine prolapses in cows?

A

minimizing the amount of cows affected by milk fever

26
Q

what cows get bloat?

A

pasture cows recently put on legume pasture (past 2 weeks), feedlot cows with the cause unclear but suspected slime-producing rumen bacteria/fine particulate feed, & free gas bloat due to obstruction of normal free gas eructation

27
Q

what is the classic case of frothy bloat?

A

acute abdominal distension mainly on the left side, tachycardia, stable frothy green rumen ingesta where the bubbles don’t pop & cows can’t eructate to blow off rumen gas, & cows may be found acutely dead & bloated on the left

28
Q

how is frothy bloat diagnosed?

A

see that the cow is bloated - pass a tube to determine if it is frothy or free gas, for frothy - a little frothy green rumen ingesta oozes out and not much relief provided, for free gas - a lot of gas blows off and cow is relieved

29
Q

how is mild/early bloat treated?

A

antifoaming agents to help with froth/foam bubbles, vegetable/mineral oil (250-500cc), dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate commonly combined with oils, & poloxalene for legume bloat not feed lot bloat

30
Q

how is severe, life-threatening frothy bloat in a cow treated?

A

emergency rumenotomy, short of surgery, large bore (2.5cm) rumen trocar or cannula to give anti-foaming agents through it & allow gas to blow off

31
Q

how is frothy pasture bloat prevented?

A

ionophores (monensin, lasalocid), feed hay prior to pasture access, & gradually introduce cows to lush legume pastures

32
Q

how is frothy feedlot bloat prevented?

A

add 10-15% coarse chopped roughage to feed & ionophore supplement (lasalocid)

33
Q

what is the prognosis of frothy bloat?

A

good for mild to early cases

34
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cow with a for a left displaced abomasum?

A

high-pitched tympanic ping over the ribs - pinch on line between left elbow & left tuber coxae - multiparous dairy cow within 30 days of giving birth with partial anorexia/gradual weight loss, scant stool with a different consistency than herdmates, & ribs pulled outwards

35
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cow with a right displaced abomasum?

A

high-pitched tympanic ping over the ribs on the right side on the line between the right elbow & tuber coxae for RDA/RTA - multiparous dairy cow within 30 days of giving birth with partial anorexia/gradual weight loss, scant stool with a different consistency than herdmates, & ribs pulled outwards, tachycardia, papple shape (pear on left & apple on right), colic, & dehydration

36
Q

what is the classic case presentation of a cow with a right torsed abomasum?

A

multiparous dairy cow within 30 days of giving birth, same as RDA + tachycardia, papple shape (pear on left & apple on right), colic, & dehydration

37
Q

how is a RDA/RTA diagnosed?

A

ping on exam is usually diagnostic & may be able to palpate convex muscular organ in the right abdominal quadrant on rectal exam

38
Q

what would you expect to see for acid-base status in a cow with a displaced abomasum? why?

A

hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis - twisted abomasum sequesters acid (HCl) but possible acidosis if the animal has progressed to circulatory failure

39
Q

what medical treatment is used for a cow with a displaced abomasum?

A

roll & toggle, blind stitch, & supportive care (calcium, transfaunation, & gastric stimulants)

40
Q

what surgical treatment is used for a cow with a displaced abomasum?

A

abomasopexy/omentopexy

41
Q

what is the prognosis of a cow with a displaced abomasum?

A

excellent for life & return to productivity

42
Q

T/F: LDA are not emergencies while RDA/RTA are

A

TRUE

43
Q

when should you intervene in a herd with increased prevalence levels of displaced abomasums?

A

when prevalence is over 1%

44
Q

what is a good practice that maintains abomasal motility and prevents most displaced abomasums?

A

good pre-partum feeding practices that maintain abomasal motility

45
Q

what is the liptak test?

A

when you insert a 4.5-inch spinal needle transabdominally just ventral to ping - if acidic fluid, it’s abomasal fluid

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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