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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Bovine Flash Notes - Abortion > Flashcards

Bovine Flash Notes - Abortion Flashcards

1
Q

what causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis?

A

bovine herpes virus 1

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2
Q

T/F: clinical signs are seldom seen in dams with abortions due to IBR

A

TRUE

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3
Q

what does an aborted fetus due to IBR look like?

A

focal necrotizing lesions of tissue

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4
Q

how is IBR causing abortions prevented?

A

intranasal MLV for breeding cows (won’t cause abortions), can use IM MLV in feedlot young & open females without risk of causing abortion

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5
Q

what is the presumed cause of abortion due to actinomyces pyogenes?

A

maternal bacteremia

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6
Q

when does actinomyces pyogenes cause abortion in cattle?

A

can occur at any stage but most often in late gestation plus or minus a retained placenta

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7
Q

how is actinomyces pyogenes diagnosed as a cause of abortion?

A

isolate in nearly pure culture from abomasal contents from fetus, rule out other causes

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8
Q

what are the most common lesions seen with an abortion from actinomyces pyogenes?

A

placentitis & bronchopneumonia

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9
Q

what is the etiology of bovine campylobacteriosis?

A

campylobacter foetus venerealis - obligate parasite of the bovine genital tract that doesn’t affect other species, gram negative curved or spiral rod that is motile

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10
Q

how is campylobacteriosis transmitted?

A

coitus

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11
Q

what are the carriers of campylobacteriosis?

A

subclinical carrier bulls - crypts of the prepuce

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12
Q

when does campylobacteriosis cause abortions?

A

sporadic abortions at 5-6 months

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13
Q

what is the pathophysiology of campylobacteriosis?

A

vaginal infection that persists for 2-3 months that will prevent conception or cause early embryonic death with irregular returns to estrus - problem in replacement heifers, less common abortion in cows up to 8 months gestation

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14
Q

what are the big clinical signs associated with bovine campylobacteriosis?

A

infertility, early embronic death, carrier bulls, causing repeat breeders, & a low % abortion

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15
Q

how is campylobacteriosis prevented?

A

vaccinate heifers with killed bacterin 1 month before breeding & booster 2 weeks later, vaccinate bulls with 2.5x dose of cows repeatedly to prevent carrier state, revaccinate bulls & cows annually, AI from non-infected bulls or treat semen with streptomycin

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16
Q

T/F: AI exclusively controls disease by prevention

A

TRUE

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17
Q

how is campylobacteriosis treated?

A

animals will recover spontaneously within 5 months, so isolate - will resist reinfection after this

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18
Q

how is trichomoniasis diagnosed in cattle?

A

diamond’s media - culture of preputial smegma from fornix of bulls, cervicovaginal mucus, uterine exudate, placental fluids, or fetal abomasal contents

19
Q

how are bulls with tritrichomoniasis treated?

A

imidazole, dimetridazole, or metronidazole

20
Q

how are cows with tritrichomoniasis treated?

A

either cull or give them 3 months of sexual rest

21
Q

how is tritrichomoniasis prevented?

A

AI reduces but doesn’t eliminate the chance of infection, young bulls in natural breeding helps to reduce incidence

22
Q

T/F: young bulls are resistant to infection from tritrichomoniasis

A

TRUE

23
Q

what are the main clinical signs caused by tritrichomoniasis?

A

early embryonic death, high non-pregnancy rate, increased calving intervals up to 100 days, & early occasional abortion around 3-4 months

24
Q

what is the number one mycotic cause of abortions in mares & cows?

A

aspergillus fumigatus

25
Q

when do mycotic infections cause abortion?

A

3rd trimester - often near term

26
Q

what is a possible sequelae of mycotic abortion?

A

retained placenta

27
Q

how is mycotic abortion diagnosed?

A

last trimester abortion with a retained placenta, leathery placentitis, & culture

28
Q

is fertility affected by mycotic causes of abortion?

A

nope

29
Q

how is mycotic abortion prevented?

A

reduce exposure to fungus

30
Q

when does brucellosis cause cattle to abort?

A

after 5 months gestation

31
Q

what are some sequelae of brucellosis?

A

retained placentitis, mastitis, & lameness

32
Q

how is brucellosis diagnosed as a cause of abortion?

A

culture of brucella abortus from fetal lung, fetal abomasal contents, placenta, uterine, or mammary secretions, titer of 1:100 for unvaccinated animals & 1:200 for vaccinated animals

33
Q

how is brucellosis prevented?

A

b. abortus strain 19 given to calves 4-12 months old to increase resistance to infection with a USDA tattoo in the right ear of vaccinated animals. replacement animals (vaccinated calves or non-pregnant heifers), pregnant/fresh cows kept in brucellosis free areas, & isolating replacement animals for more than 30 days & retesting before adding them to the heard

34
Q

what screening tests are used for brucellosis in dairy herds?

A

brucella milk ring test every 3 to 4 months to ID infected dairy herds - if positive, individual blood tested on all with reactors slaughtered

35
Q

what screening tests are used for brucellosis in non-dairy herds?

A

market cattle testing - serum is collected from cattle for slughter at market, reactors are traced to herd of origin & all animals tested, & reactors are slaughtered

36
Q

what classifies a herd as being brucella free?

A

herds maintained by BRT/MCT & slaughter with 2-3 successive negative tests given at regular intervals

37
Q

when does foothill abortion cause cattle to abort?

A

late in gestation - around 6-7 months, or they will have very weak calves

38
Q

T/F: cows with epizootic abortion don’t show clinical signs

A

TRUE

39
Q

what transmits epizootic bovine abortion?

A

soft ticks

40
Q

how is foothill abortion diagnosed?

A

enlarged spleen in the fetus seen postmortem, increase in IgG in fetal blood, but no serologic test because agent is unknown

41
Q

what drug reduces the rate of abortion due to foothill abortion?

A

chlortetracycline

42
Q

how is foothill abortion prevented/controlled?

A

seldom abort in subsequent pregnancies & no vaccine - so, expose heifers to ticks before breeding & change from spring to fall calving to reduce exposure to ticks only during the last trimester

43
Q

neosporosis causing abortion in cattle is a major problem in what state?

A

california

44
Q

what is the only clinical sign associated with neosporosis in cattle?

A

sporadic/multiple, or storms of abortions - year round abortions!!!!

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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