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ZUKU NAVLE PREP > Cross Species - Top 30 Zoonotic Diseases Part 1 > Flashcards

Cross Species - Top 30 Zoonotic Diseases Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what animals are affected by anthrax?

A

cattle, sheep, goats, bison, camels, & antelopes

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2
Q

what is the classic case presentation of anthrax in animals?

A

sudden death, bloating, & bleeding from orifices after death

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3
Q

how does anthrax present in humans?

A

skin lesions with dark eschars, malaise, gi signs, fever, acute respiratory distress, & septicemia

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4
Q

what is the etiology of anthrax?

A

bacillus anthracis - gram positive aerobic rod-shaped bacteria

sporulates when exposed to oxygen - endemic in north america

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5
Q

what are the routes of human infection of anthrax? what precautions are taken?

A

cutaneous, ingestion (infected meat), & inhalation

PPE & respiratory protection

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6
Q

anthrax is a notifiable disease for what organization?

A

world organization for animal health

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7
Q

when are anthrax outbreaks seen?

A

can occur with heavy rainfall, flooding, or drought

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8
Q

why not do a full necropsy on an animal suspected to have anthrax?

A

bacteria will sporulate & contaminate the environment & the spores can persist for decades in the environment

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9
Q

how was anthrax used as a bioterrorism agent?

A

in 2001, powdered spores were mailed through USPS leading to 22 infections in people & caused 5 deaths

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10
Q

what are the definitive hosts for baylisascaris? what clinical signs are seen?

A

raccoons - sometimes dogs & kinkajous

no clinical signs

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11
Q

what are the intermediate hosts of baylisascaris? what clinical signs are seen with infection?

A

commonly rodents - opossums, foxes, badgers, sea otters, birds, non-human primates, humans

NOT LIVESTOCK

CNS signs & ocular disease

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12
Q

what is the etiology of baylisascaris? how does infection occur? how are humans infected?

A

baylisascaris procyonis - intestinal nematode

definitive host infected by ingesting eggs or eating infected intermediate host

humans - fecal oral transmission

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13
Q

what is the main precaution taken with preventing baylisascaris?

A

avoid direct contact with dog & raccoon feces

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14
Q

how can you minimize baylisascaris infection in dogs?

A

keep them on a monthly heartworm/nematode preventatives to minimize risk of intestinal infection

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15
Q

T/F: dogs can be an intermediate host for baylisascaris & develop clinical signs

A

true

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16
Q

what is the classic case of tuberculosis in cows?

A

decreased appetite, progressive emaciation, cough, fever, weakness

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17
Q

what signs are seen in humans affected by bovine tuberculosis?

A

affects - lymph nodes, bones, joints, CNS, lungs, & genitourinary system

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18
Q

what is the etiology of bovine tuberculosis? what are the primary hosts? spill over hosts?

A

mycobacterium bovis - gram positive acid fast bacterium in mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

primary host - cattle

spill over hosts - sheep, goats, horses, llamas, dogs, pigs, ferrets, cats, & rodents

19
Q

what are the routes of human infection from bovine tuberculosis?

A

ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products/undercooked/raw meat, inhalation of aerosolized agent, bacterial contact on broken skin

wildlife & soil are sources for potential infection

20
Q

what precautions are taken for preventing bovine tuberculosis?

A

respiratory protection

21
Q

what country is bovine tuberculosis free? what countries currently have eradication programs in place?

A

canada

mexico & USA

22
Q

what animal is rarely infected with bovine tuberculosis but have been suspected to be at risk for transmitting it to human & vice versa?

A

cats

23
Q

what control efforts are made for bovine tuberculosis prevention in the USA?

A

routine pasteurization & control efforts have decreased m. bovis cases to less than 2% of total human tuberculosis cases (rest are caused by m. tuberculosis)

24
Q

T/F: bovine tuberculosis is an OIE notifiable disease

A

true

25
Q

what animals are often affected by brucellosis?

A

cattle, sheep, goats, & dogs

26
Q

what is the classic case presentation of brucellosis in cattle, sheep, & goats?

A

abortions - usually in 2nd half of gestation

epididymitis & orchitis in bulls

27
Q

what is the classic case presentation of brucellosis in humans?

A

undulant fever - drenching sweats, headache, flu like symptoms, & can be a chronic debilitating disease

28
Q

what is the classic case presentation of brucellosis in dogs?

A

abortions/still births, orchitis, & diskospondylitis

29
Q

what are the different etiologies that cause brucellosis in animals & people?

A

gram negative coccobacillary facultative intracellular bacterium

brucella abortus - cattle, bison, elk, & feral pigs

brucella melitensis - goats & sheep

brucella canis - dogs

30
Q

what brucella species are of zoonotic risk? what are the routes of infection?

A

b. abortus & b. melitensis

ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products

exposure to brucella vaccine, infected animals, or in a laboratory

31
Q

how is brucellosis prevented in humans?

A

PPE!!! handle vaccines with care

32
Q

T/F: brucella canis’s importance as a cause of disease in humans is not well-established

A

true

33
Q

what species of brucella are OIE notifiable diseases?

A

b. abortus & b. melitensis

34
Q

what happens for dogs that have brucellosis?

A

reportable in many states

owners of these dogs should be advised that the disease could potentially spread to humans & dogs can’t be cleared of infection

35
Q

where is brucellosis of goats & sheep found? where is it exotic to? where is it endemic?

A

found in mediterranean, middle east, & central america

exotic - canada & USA

endemic - mexico

36
Q

where is bovine brucellosis eradicated? what about nearly eradicated? why is it of such concern?

A

eradicated - canada

almost eradicated - USA

may be used as a bioterrorism agent!!

37
Q

what diseases can brucellosis cause in horses?

A

fistulous withers & poll evil

38
Q

what is the common name of bartonellosis?

A

cat scratch fever

39
Q

what clinical signs are seen in cats with bartonellosis?

A

usually asymptomatic

may see - fever, inappetence

40
Q

what clinical signs are seen in humans with cat scratch fever?

A

small reddish-brown papules/pustules at inoculation site

lymphadenopathy, fever, malaise, neurologic signs, & psychiatric signs

41
Q

what is the etiology of cat scratch fever? what are the reservoir hosts? how is it transmitted?

A

bartonella henselae - gram negative rod bacterium

reservoir host - domestic cats & other felines

transmitted via flea feces between cats

42
Q

how do humans get cat scratch fever?

A

cat bites or scratches

43
Q

what is the zoonotic risk of cat scratch fever?

A

most cases of human bartonellosis are mild/asymptomatic & self-limiting

immunocompromised people are more susceptible

ZUKU NAVLE PREP (178 decks)

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